For instance, it may be that generation of novel, flexible responses to social scenarios,120 or social creativity,121

is a necessary element of developing social competence in this population. Indeed, while this ability appears impaired in ASD populations due to more rigid cognitive styles,120 initial work suggests that social creativity is related to higher social competence and popularity among TD youth.121 Thus, psychosocial interventions that highlight the improvement of social creativity73 may be ideal venues for exploration of the role of this novel construct. Second, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical as a clinical population, those with ASD have traditionally faced stigma and related poor self-perception,122 which may in turn affect their social functioning and status with peers.123 Thus, addressing a sense of understanding, self-acceptance, and ownership Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical over the “ASD” diagnosis

and label may be an important pathway by which those with ASD begin to develop more confident, assertive, and effective peer interactions. In TD populations, such a sense of group membership and collective identify has been shown to relate to more positive self-esteem,124 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical as well as relationship satisfaction and success.125 RAD001 cost Preliminary work suggests that this sense of group belonging may be emerging in online communities of individuals with ASD,126 though almost no rigorous empirical research has examined these environments in detail, nor has work yet been done on the role of a focus on building such identifies as a component of psychosocial intervention. Relatedly, integration of individuals with ASD into their existing communities may also be a crucial mechanism by which those with ASD may

experience more social success. Such integration may Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical aid in decreases in stigma, increased peer acceptance, and adaptive outcomes among youth and adults. For instance, recent research suggests that adults with ASD who participate in community-based Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical supported employment rather than substantially separated sheltered workshops achieve better vocational outcomes.127 Most promisingly, Kasari et al128 found that training TD peers in regular classrooms to be more inclusive and accepting of those with differences produced superior outcomes on measures Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase of social skills, peer friendships, and peer interaction relative to simply training youth with ASD to improve their behaviors. This elegant study, capitalizing on the “dismantling” approach described above, provides initial support for the possible mechanistic role of peer acceptance and an inclusive community in producing positive social functioning and peer relations outcomes for youth with ASD. Directions for psychosocial intervention research As research on psychosocial interventions for individuals with ASD matures, a focus on common and unique mechanisms by which such treatments evince change becomes increasingly crucial.