glabrata (n = 3), C. tropicalis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 1), C. krusei (n = 1), C. norvegensis

(n = 1), and C. dubliniensis (n = 2). The Ethics Committee of the Emílio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases approved this study (275/2009). The systemic Candida strains were isolated from patients with invasive candidiasis at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, MA, USA) and included species of C. albicans (n = 5), C. glabrata (n = 2), C. tropicalis (n = 2), C. parapsilosis (n = 1), C. kefyr (n = 1), and C. lusitaniae (n = 1) (Table 1). click here These isolates were collected from eleven patients with a mean age of 57 years (40-78), that were HIV negative but had other underlying medical conditions. The use of Candida isolates was approved by the Massachusetts General Hospital Institutional Review Board (2008-P-001017). Table 1 Candida isolates used in this study and their susceptibility to antifungals and interactions with G. mellonella Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor Microorganisms Susceptibility to Antifungal (MIC) Galleria mellonella Specie of Candida Strain of Candida Clinical isolate Fluconazole (μg/mL) Amph B

(μg/mL) CFU/larva injected Number of killing/total Medium time to mortality (h) C. albicans 4S Saliva 0.125 0.25 7.1 × 105 16/16 18   10S Saliva 0.125 0.5 5.2 × 105 16/16 18   24S Saliva 0.125 0.5 9.4 × 105 16/16

18   31S Saliva 0.125 0.5 5.0 × 105 16/16 24   39S Saliva Resistant 0.25 5.9 × 105 16/16 18   48S Saliva 0.125 0.25 6.7 × 105 16/16 18   60S Saliva 0.125 0.25 6.3 × 105 16/16 18   3 OPC 0.5 0.25 7.2 × 105 16/16 18   14 OPC Resistant 0.25 5.7 × 105 16/16 18   21 OPC Resistant 0.25 7.5 × 105 16/16 18   37 OPC Resistant 0.25 5.5 × 105 16/16 18   CAL006 Blood www.selleckchem.com/products/AZD8931.html culture 0.125 0.5 1.9 × 105 16/16 24   CAL007 Peritoneal fluid 2 0.25 4.5 × 105 16/16 24   CAL008 Peritoneal fluid 1 0.5 7.2 × 105 16/16 18   CAL009 Blood culture 1 0.5 4.7 × 105 16/16 18   CAL010 Subdiaphragnatic 1 0.5 4.8 × 105 16/16 18 C. tropicalis 12 OPC 0.5 0.25 3.9 × 105 16/16 18   140S Saliva 0.125 0.25 4.9 × 105 16/16 18   CTR002 Synovial fluid Resistant 0.5 9.1 × 105 16/16 18   CTR003 Abdominal PTK6 fluid 2 0.5 5.0 × 105 16/16 18 C. parapsilosis 127S Saliva 1 0.5 6.2 × 105 16/16 18   CPA001 Lung tissue 4 0.5 7.3 × 105 16/16 21 C. glabrata 12S Saliva 2 0.5 6.4 × 105 2/16 –   45 OPC 4 0.5 9.8 × 105 6/16 –   55 OPC 4 0.5 1.0 × 106 0/16 –   CGL002 Drainage 32 0.5 4.0 × 105 0/16 –   CGL003 Jackson-Pratt fluid 32 0.5 5.4 × 105 8/16 – C. dubliniensis 18S Saliva 16 0.25 3.9 × 105 16/16 18   155S Saliva 0.5 0.25 5.1 × 105 16/16 18 C.