Although other studies involving similar core-shell, conformal architectures using silicon nanorod arrays have been reported [23, 26], to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which an oxide in combination with a thin film of an organic bulk heterojunction blend is studied. The use of an organic blend is advantageous since exciton dissociation can be more efficient at the Selleckchem MM-102 interface between the two organic semiconductors than

at the interface with ZnO [27, 28]. The new conformal cells were compared with a reference cell consisting of a conventional hybrid cell design incorporating a thick blend layer on top of the same type of NRAs used for the conformal design (Thick/NR). Our results indicate that a conformal design is desirable because we identify several benefits of the conformal structure: (1) use of a substantially lower amount of blend; (2) fast charge extraction and thus limited space charge

formation, both of which prevent charge recombination; and (3) enhanced light absorption. In addition, the new architecture can be applied to other types of solar cells where charge extraction is a limiting factor, e.g., solid-state dye-sensitised solar cells where hole mobility in the solid electrolyte is an issue, limiting cell thickness. Methods ZnO nanorod electrochemical deposition A one-step electrochemical {Selleck Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleck Anticancer Compound Library|Selleck Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleck Anticancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anticancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anti-cancer Compound Library|Selleckchem Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library|buy Anti-cancer Compound Library|Anti-cancer Compound Library ic50|Anti-cancer Compound Library price|Anti-cancer Compound Library cost|Anti-cancer Compound Library solubility dmso|Anti-cancer Compound Library purchase|Anti-cancer Compound Library manufacturer|Anti-cancer Compound Library research buy|Anti-cancer Compound Library order|Anti-cancer Compound Library mouse|Anti-cancer Compound Library chemical structure|Anti-cancer Compound Library mw|Anti-cancer Compound Library molecular weight|Anti-cancer Compound Library datasheet|Anti-cancer Compound Library supplier|Anti-cancer Compound Library in vitro|Anti-cancer Compound Library cell line|Anti-cancer Compound Library concentration|Anti-cancer Compound Library nmr|Anti-cancer Compound Library in vivo|Anti-cancer Compound Library clinical trial|Anti-cancer Compound Library cell assay|Anti-cancer Compound Library screening|Anti-cancer Compound Library high throughput|buy Anticancer Compound Library|Anticancer Compound Library ic50|Anticancer Compound Library price|Anticancer Compound Library cost|Anticancer Compound Library solubility dmso|Anticancer Compound Library purchase|Anticancer Compound Library manufacturer|Anticancer Compound Library research buy|Anticancer Compound Library order|Anticancer Compound Library chemical structure|Anticancer Compound Library datasheet|Anticancer Compound Library supplier|Anticancer Compound Library in vitro|Anticancer Compound Library cell line|Anticancer Compound Library concentration|Anticancer Compound Library clinical trial|Anticancer Compound Library cell assay|Anticancer Compound Library screening|Anticancer Compound Library high throughput|Anti-cancer Compound high throughput screening| deposition was performed using a Keithley 2400 SourceMeter (Keithley Instruments Inc., Cleveland, OH, USA) under a constant current density of 0.15 mA cm−2 at 85°C, for 30 min. Commercially available glass/ITO substrates (Präzisions Glas & Optik, Iserlohn, Germany) were used as the cathode, and a 4-cm2 platinum foil was used as the anode. No ZnO seed layer was used. Both electrodes were immersed parallel to each other in an aqueous 0.01 M Zn(NO3)2 solution at a distance of approximately 2 cm. The obtained ZnO nanorod arrays were annealed at 300°C in air for 5 h. P3HT:PCBM solution preparation A solution of 1:0.8 weight in chlorobenzene was prepared. Chlorobenzene was added to separate

vials where P3HT (Rieke Metals, Lincoln, NE, USA) and PCBM (Sigma-Aldrich Corporation, St. Louis, MO, USA) were contained (41.73-mg mL−1 concentration for the Thick/NR design). Thirty-six percent more chlorobenzene Racecadotril was added to the vials used for depositing the Thin/NR and Thick/flat designs. All vials were stirred for 2 h at 800 rpm. Then, the P3HT and PCBM solutions were mixed and stirred for a further 2 h. The temperature of all solutions was kept at 60°C at all times. Solar cell Etomoxir datasheet fabrication The ITO substrates (for Thick/flat cells) and ZnO nanorod arrays (for Thin/NR and Thick/NR cells) were heated to 120°C for 10 min prior to blend coating. For the Thin/NR, Thick/flat layers: 200 μL of the P3HT:PCBM solution were placed onto either ZnO nanorod arrays or directly onto ITO, and after 7 s, it was spun at 600 rpm for 6 s, followed by a spin at 2,000 rpm for 60 s.