01), with immunoreactivity detected in 72.2% (65/90) and 50.9% (27/53) of intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia specimens, respectively, 52.8% (95/180) of gastric adenocarcinoma specimens, and 73.3%% (11/15) of metastasis specimens, but 26.9% (39/145) of lesion-adjacent normal gastric mucosa specimens. Comparison of the intensity of LGR5+ staining showed an increasing trend that generally followed increasing dedifferentiation and tumor spread (normal tissue smaller than

dysplasia, smaller than gastric adenocarcinoma smaller SB525334 manufacturer than metastasis; all P smaller than 0.001), with the exception of expression level detected in intestinal metaplasia which was higher than that in normal gastric tissues (P smaller than 0.001). Moreover, gastric cancer-associated enhanced expression of LGR5 was found to be significantly associated

with age, tumor differentiation, Lauren type and TNM stage (I + 17DMAG II vs III + IV) (all P smaller than 0.05), but not with sex, tumor site, location, size, histology, lymphovascular invasion, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Patients with LGR5(+) gastric cancer specimens and without signs of metastasis from the original biopsy experienced more frequent rates of recurrence or metastasis during follow-up than patients with LGR5(-) specimens (P smaller than 0.05). CONCLUSION: Enhanced LGR5 is related to progressive dedifferentiation and metastasis of gastric cancer, indicating the potential of this receptor as an early diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. (C) 2013 Baishideng Publishing Group Co., Limited. All rights reserved.”
“Aims To test the hypothesis that acute increased biventricularly (BiV) paced heart rate (pHR) results in decreased LCL161 in vivo muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), and that dyssynchronous pacing (AAI) attenuates this effect, in heart failure patients receiving cardiac resynchronization

therapy (CRT). Methods and results Fourteen CRT patients (NYHAII-111, 12 males, mean EF 28 +/- 14%) were recruited. Three different pHRs (50-90 b.p.m.) were randomly programmed in BiV- and AAI-pacing modes. Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (total sympathetic nerve activity/min (units) and number of bursts/100 RR) were recorded from the peroneal nerve using a microelectrode. In addition, cardiac output (CO) and mean blood pressure (mBP) were measured. With BiV pacing, the total MSNA/min was lower at 70 b.p.m. (-7 +/- 21%, P = 0.18) and 90 b.p.m. ( – 29 +/- 18%, P -= 0.01) compared with at 50 b.p.m. (280 +/- 180 U). Similarly, bursts/10ORR decreased with increased BiV pHR. Cardiac output (3.7 Umin at 50 b.p.m., +/- 12 +/- 12% at 70 b.p.m., and +18 +/- 19% at 90 b.p.m.) and mBP (78 +/- 11 mmHg at 50 b.p.m., +6 +/- 6% at 70 b.p.m. and +11 +/- 8% at 90 b.p.m.) increased significantly at elevated pHRs in BiV-pacing mode.