2010b). To explore Eltanexor purchase this apparent discrepancy, we compared incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD among manual workers, non-manual workers and full-time housewives living in Tuscany, Italy. Methods Setting and study design Using hospital discharge records and census data, we calculated and compared age- and sex-specific incidence rates of surgically treated idiopathic RRD experienced by manual workers, non-manual workers

and full-time housewives in the general population of Tuscany (3.5 million inhabitants), during the period 1997–2009. All public and private hospitals in Italy are obliged to produce coded discharge records for all treatment episodes (including day cases), and these are then collated in databases according to the

patient’s region of residence (irrespective of where the hospital is located). In addition to the standard data collected elsewhere, the discharge records of hospitals within the Selleck PD0332991 administrative Smad inhibitor Region of Tuscany (Regione Toscana) include coded information on the patient’s current broad category of employment (see Table 1), allowing them to be classified as manual workers (i.e., anyone whose job involves some form of manual task other than office work), non-manual workers and full-time housewives. Table 1 Distribution of job categories among surgically treated cases of idiopathic RRD (aged 25–59 years) with known current broad category of employment in Tuscany   Men (n = 1,142) Women (n = 804) Overall (n = 1,946) Non-manual workers 378 179 557  Managers 35 3 38  Self-employed professionals 105 17 122  Entrepreneurs 25 4 29  Clerical workers 207 152 359  Associate professionals 6 3 9 Manual workers 764 313 1,077  Skilled/unskilled manual workers 172 55 227  Service workers 320 193 513  Home-based workers 2 4 6  Self-employed workers 270 61 331 Housewives – 312 312 For the present study, we abstracted the records

of all patients resident in Tuscany with a discharge record issued by any Italian hospital during Selleckchem Forskolin the study period giving a principal diagnosis of RRD (ICD-9 code 361.0 through 361.07, and 361.9) coupled with retinal surgery (Diagnosis Related Group code 36). We excluded cases of non-rhegmatogenous RD classified as serous (361.2) or “other” (361.8; including tractional, 361.81). However, we retained patients with diabetes, since this condition is not generally thought to be a risk factor for RRD (as distinct from tractional RD or combined tractional-rhegmatogenous RD). Where a patient was hospitalized for RRD more than once during the study period, only the first episode was abstracted. However, we were not able to identify patients with a history of surgically treated RRD prior to the study period. On the basis of the information archived in the hospital discharge records, we excluded RRD that presented after a recent accident or injury, and patients with an earlier history of cataract surgery, or coexisting aphakia.