3 (15) Range 19–75 50.9 (15.1) for depression 38.4 (13.2) for mania, schizophrenia, and schizoaffective Conditions: 29% treatment by guardian consent Other: ECT given to Cisplatin solubility dmso patients with schizophrenia, mania, or schizoaffective disorder younger than those with depression iP: 1.3% C-ECT: 5% (Given to four patients: three women, one man) Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Modified Device: MECTA SR1 constant current device. Placement: No information South West Pennsylvania, State Hospital, USA (H) Sylvester AP (Sylvester et al. 2000) Study: Retrospective chart review of all receiving

ECT, in one state hospital giving psychiatric services to South West Pennsylvania. N= 21 ECT-treated patients in 10 year period (charts available for 17 patients) Date: 1986–1995 Time span: 10 years Diagnoses: 47% major depression 25% bipolar 29% schizoaffective, schizophrenia Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Indications: Suicidal ideation or passive death wish Refusal of oral food intake Weight loss, daily life disability, and poor hygiene. Disorganized psychotic, aggressive behavior Gender: 71% women Age, 59% >60 Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical years Range: 28–78 years Ethnicity: 94% Caucasian

Conditions: All on civil commitment and nine (53%) patients judged incompetent of consent Other: 59% of ECT treated >60 years and only 46% of all admitted patients female. Ten (58%) patients had documented previous ECT iP: 0.4% AvE: 12 Devices: Until 1991, MECTA-D After 1991 MECTA-SRI Type and dosage:

Brief pulse, square wave, and constant current stimuli dose Rio de Janeiro, Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical Brazil (H) Pastore DL (Pastore et al. 2008) Study: Medical record survey of ECT-treated patients at federal psychiatric university hospital. N= 69 ECT-treated patients Date: June 2005 to June 2007 Time span: Two years Diagnoses: 49% schizophrenia 29% bipolar/mania 16% depression 6% other Indication: Violence, suicidal attempts, self injury Gender: 71% women Age, mean Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical 41.3 years Side effects: Most common (reported as mild and transient): Anterograde amnesia, disorientation, headache. Rare: Myalgia, nausea, fatigue. No deaths. Other: Clonidine given to hypertensive patients AvE: 8 Modified Anesthesia: Alfentanil Astemizole or propofol and succinylcholine muscle relaxant Device: EMAI trademark Placement: BL View it in a separate window *TPR: treated person rate = persons ECT treated per 10,000 resident population per year. *EAR: ECT administration rate = no. of ECTs administered per 10,000 resident population. *iP: inpatient prevalence = proportion (percent,%) ECT treated among inpatient population. *AvE: average number of ECTs administered per patient (in a session or course). **C-ECT: continuation-ECT. **A-ECT: ambulatory-ECT. Table C4 Europe N= 33.