3). Total proteins were extracted from the first expanded leaves of salt-treated seedlings of T349 and Jimai 19. The profiles of wheat leaf proteins were established at a pI range of 3.5 to 10.0 and with a molecular
see more mass range of 13 to 110 kDa ( Fig. 4). Compared with Jimai 19, 17 protein spots (S1-1 to S1-17) were up-regulated in T349 ( Fig. 5), and all of these proteins were identified by mass spectrometry ( Table 3). The significant differences between Jimai 19 and T349 leaves corresponded to their different protein responses to salt stress. The functional classification analysis according to gene ontology (GO) annotations and PubMed references revealed that the proteins were clustered into several categories. Those 17 differential proteins were involved in osmotic stress, oxidative stress, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism. Osmotic stress-related proteins include methionine synthase (S1-11) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) (S1-6). Oxidative stress-related proteins include NADP-dependent malic enzyme (S1-12), glutathione transferase (S1-3) and 2-cys peroxiredoxin (S1-10). Photosynthesis-related
proteins include Rubisco large subunit (RLS), Rubisco activase (S1-16) and chlorophyll a–b binding proteins (S1-9). Spots S1-7, S1-8, S1-13, S1-14, and S1-15 were all identified as Rubisco large subunits with different molecular masses and isoelectric points corresponding to their spot positions on the gel. Lipases (S1-17) Bacterial neuraminidase directly
catalyze the hydrolysis or synthesis of lipids. Spots S1-1, S1-2, S1-4, and S1-5 were identified as predicted proteins of barley. According to NCBI BLAST results, spot S1-1 (gi|326503994) Galunisertib purchase contains the region PLN00128, which is annotated as a succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit, and has 94% identity with the Triticum urartu protein succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein subunit (sequence ID: gb|EMS46614.1|). Spot S1-2 (gi|326511988) contains the region MopB_Res-Cmplx1_Nad11, which is annotated as the second domain of the Nad11/75-kDa subunit of the NADH-quinone oxidoreductase, and has 98% identity with the T. urartu protein NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase 75 kDa subunit (sequence ID: gb|EMS48685.1|). Spot S1-4 (gi|326493416) contains the region PLN02300, which is annotated as lactoylglutathione lyase, and has 98% identity with the Aegilops tauschii protein lactoylglutathione lyase (sequence ID: gb|EMT08036.1|). Spot S1-5 (gi|326491885) contains the region WD40, a domain found in many eukaryotic proteins that cover a wide variety of functions, including adaptor/regulatory modules in signal transduction, pre-mRNA processing and cytoskeleton assembly. The coleoptile length, radicle length, and radicle number of the GmDREB1 transgenic wheat lines were significantly higher than those of the wild type, suggesting that the overexpression of the GmDREB1 gene improves the growth of wheat seedlings under saline conditions.