Future directions in rodent pain imaging include miniaturized PET for the freely moving animal, as well as new MRI techniques that enable ongoing chronic pain imaging. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“An animal model to study human infectious diseases should accurately reproduce MCC950 solubility dmso the various aspects of disease. Domestic pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) are closely related to humans in terms of anatomy, genetics and physiology, and represent an excellent animal model to study various microbial infectious diseases. Indeed, experiments in pigs

are much more likely to be predictive of therapeutic treatments in humans than experiments in rodents. In this review, we highlight the numerous advantages of the pig model for infectious disease research and vaccine development and document a few examples of human microbial infectious diseases for which the use of pigs as animal models has contributed to the acquisition of new knowledge to improve both animal and human health.”
“Purpose: We determined whether data mining derived algorithms from electronic databases can improve empirical antimicrobial therapy in outpatients with a urinary tract infection.

Materials

and Methods: The electronic medical records from 3,308 visits associated with a positive urine culture at Northwestern’s outpatient Urology and Internal Medicine clinics and Emergency Department from 2005 to 2009 were interrogated. Bacterial species

and susceptibility rates for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin Taselisib in vitro and nitrofurantoin were compared. Using data mining techniques we created algorithms for empirical therapy of urinary tract infections and compared the theoretical outcomes from data mining derived therapy to those from conventional therapy.

Results: Patients were significantly older in the Department of Urology vs Internal Medicine vs Emergency Department, and more patients in the Department of Urology were male. During the 5-year period the susceptibility rates for ciprofloxacin in the Department of Urology and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in Internal Medicine Mephenoxalone decreased significantly. In the Department of Urology the susceptibility rate for nitrofurantoin was greater than for ciprofloxacin, which was greater than for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In all departments, bacteria were more resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole than to ciprofloxacin or nitrofurantoin. All drugs were more effective in the Emergency Department and Internal Medicine than the Department of Urology. Prior resistance patterns were the strongest predictor of current susceptibility profiles. In the Department of Urology the algorithms for patients with or without prior cultures theoretically outperformed conventional therapy in men (13.2%) and women (10.1%).