No improvement in oxygen barrier was observed explained by, e. g., the spherulitic structure of PLA and the discontinuities and possible short-chain amorphous material around the spherulites forming passages for oxygen molecules. This work emphasizes the importance of a homogeneous surface prior to the ALD growth Al(2)O(3) barrier layer. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 122: 2221-2227, 2011″
“The purpose of this study was to design and investigate the transdermal controlled release

cubic phase gels containing capsaicin using glycerol monooleate (MO), propylene glycol (1,2-propanediol, PG), and water. Three types of cubic phase gels were designed based on the ternary phase diagram of the MO-PG-water system, and their Selleckchem Entinostat internal structures were confirmed by polarizing light microscopy

(PLM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Release results showed the cubic phase gels could provide a sustained system for capsaicin, while the initial water content in the gels was the major factor affecting the release rate. Release kinetics was determined to fit Higuchi’s square-root equation indicating that the release was under diffusion control. The calculated diffusion exponent showed the release from cubic phase NU7441 inhibitor gels was anomalous transport. The unique structure of the cubic phases, capsaicin distributed in the lipid bilayers, and cubic phase gel swelling contributed to the release mechanism. The cubic phase gel may be an interesting application for transdermal delivery GDC-941 system of capsaicin in alleviating the post-incision pain.”
“This article highlights the melt crystallization behavior

of different grades of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) using a hot-stage polarizing optical microscopy. iPP samples were heated up at a heating rate of 10 degrees C/min passing the melting temperature and then kept for 3 min at a temperature range of 175-200 degrees C before they cooled rapidly at 40 degrees C/min to crystallize isothermally at a range of 130-145 degrees C. It has been found that the temperature at which the samples were kept has a strong effect on the crystallization mode; for samples heated up and kept at temperatures below 190 degrees C, the crystallization started with thin and long rods or nodules, which grew in the circumferential direction only while their lengths remain unchanged as the time passed. The shape of the nodules can be straight, circular, branched, or entangled, and they can grow parallel to each other or they can be crossed or in a random way. This phenomenon disappeared completely for samples melted and kept at temperatures above 195 degrees C. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.