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“Plasma levels of triglycerides (TG) are independent see more risk factor of cardiovascular disease development [1]. The plasma levels of TG are significantly genetically

determined. Probably the most important environmental factor that may interact with genetic polymorphisms in determination of the plasma TG levels is diet. There is growing interest in effect modification between genes and environment because such interactions could explain a number of discrepancies, such as differences in results between association studies in different populations or inconsistent effects of dietary interventions. However, the number of studies addressing gene–environment interactions on sufficient number of individuals LGK-974 supplier remains modest. The most significant impact on plasma TG levels seems to be associated with apolipoprotein A5 gene (APOA5, gene ID 116519, OMIM accession number 606368) variants [2] and [3]. ApoA5 is located on TG-rich and high density lipoprotein

(HDL) particles, enhances the activity of lipoprotein lipase [4] and [5], and recombinant apoA5 binds to the LDL receptor family members [6]. Minor alleles of two tagging APOA5 SNPs T-1131 > C [rs662799] and Ser19 > Trp [C56 > G, rs3135506] were associated, although

with different strengths, with elevated plasma Phosphoprotein phosphatase TG levels, regardless of ethnicity and sex [3], [7], [8], [9] and [10]. Several studies explored interactions of the effects of APOA5 variants on different biochemical traits with dietary factors. The results suggest that the APOA5 genotypes modify the effects of dietary interventions (e.g. low/high fat diet) [11], [12], [13] and [14], intake of fat [15] and [16] or alcohol intake [17] on triglycerides (and less consistently on other lipids). Since previous studies have been relatively small, used different designs, selected patients and ethnically mixed populations, the results remain inconclusive. In this study, we have investigated the potential interaction of APOA5 with energy and fat intake in a large sample of a general Slavonic Caucasian population.