The data were suggestive of phase resetting in the amygdala and an evoked potential in the parahippocampal gyrus, although the assumption that all electrodes within a brain region will behave similarly may be perceived as a weakness of this analysis. Target Selective Inhibitor Library solubility dmso By considering the demands of the card-matching task, we can speculate about the relationship between the response mechanism (phase reset or evoked potential) and the brain region in which it occurs. We observe evidence of an evoked potential occurring in the parahippocampal gyrus, a region that is crucial for object-place association in nonhuman primates (Malkova and Mishkin, 2003). Its specific role appears to be related to the encoding of novel stimuli

(Epstein et al., 1999). This is consistent with the observed difference between correct and incorrect trials during the card-matching task; after the second click, if the match is incorrect, a new object-place association must be formed. The images and locations change with each puzzle and are thus a continuous source of novel stimuli. Similarly, the entorhinal cortex is associated with both spatial and object memory (Bellgowan et al., 2009), and the hippocampus is thought to combine information from the “what” and “where” streams (Eichenbaum and Lipton, 2008). Again, consistent with the spatial and object memory requirements of the task, responses in these regions were suggestive of an evoked potential,

but they were weaker than those found in the parahippocampal gyrus.

Contrast this with the neural responses in the amygdala, which were more indicative Venetoclax mouse of phase resetting. Properties of this region may explain why this is the case. Phase synchronization between regions of the medial temporal lobe is hypothesized to facilitate communication and aid memory processes (Fell and Axmacher, 2011), and the amygdala is a key component of this (Paré et al., 2002). More specifically, synchrony between the amygdala, hippocampus, and other neocortical regions has been associated with successful recall in an auditory verbal learning test (Babiloni et al., 2009). Therefore, we speculate that a phase reset in the amygdala may be mafosfamide a mechanism for increasing synchrony and communication with other regions. Note that, to increase synchrony between two regions, only one region will need to reset to the activity (possibly an evoked response) of the second region. To the best of our knowledge, the relationship between discriminability (d′) and the mechanisms of phase resetting and evoked potentials has yet to be addressed rigorously in the literature. In our study, the three brain regions characterized by correlations between amplitude and IPC also had the largest d′ values, but there does not appear to be a direct relationship between these features. First, it is important to note that a single d′ value is calculated based on a comparison of correct and incorrect trials using both training and testing data sets.