The voluntary participation of all subjects in this study is sincerely appreciated. This study was supported by A*STAR’s Biomedical Research Proteasome inhibitor Council (BMRC) and the MOH’s National Medical Research Council (BMRC/08/1/21/19/566). Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Univariate

analysis of relative abundance of seven predominant bacterial groups. Univariate analysis of relative abundance of seven predominant bacterial groups were performed for location, mode of delivery, total breastfeeding up to 6 month, eczema, prenatal antibiotics and postnatal antibiotics. Statistical significance were bold formatted (p value < 0.05). (XLS 50 KB) References 1. Kelly D, King T, Aminov R: Importance of microbial colonization of the gut in ITF2357 early life to the development of immunity. Mutat Res 2007,622(1–2):58–69.PubMedCrossRef 2. Sekirov I, Russell SL, Antunes LC, Finlay BB: Gut microbiota in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2010,90(3):859–904.PubMedCrossRef 3. Macpherson AJ, Harris NL: Interactions between commensal intestinal bacteria and the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol 2004,4(6):478–485.PubMedCrossRef 4. Bottcher MF, Nordin EK, Sandin A, Midtvedt click here T, Bjorksten B: Microflora-associated characteristics in faeces from

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