We selected studies reporting food challenge data, reported doctor-diagnosed (RDD) FA and food sensitization. Methodological differences and study heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis. A total of 46 studies were identified, of which 28 (60.9%)
were prospective and 13 (28.3%) used food challenges to diagnose FA. Caesarean delivery was investigated in 13 studies, of which three infant cohorts demonstrated an increase in challenge-proven FA (one cohort) and food sensitization (two cohorts), and one cross-sectional study reported increased RDDFA. Four studies investigated the effect of having siblings, with one infant cohort demonstrating less challenge-proven FA and a cross-sectional study showing a decrease in RDDFA. Attending childcare before 6months was associated with less challenge-proven FA in one Immunology & Inflammation inhibitor cohort. A cross-sectional survey identified an inverse relationship TGF-beta family between hepatitis A serology and peanut sensitization. One of eleven trials investigating probiotics demonstrated a quicker
acquisition of milk tolerance amongst allergic infants. Factors influencing microbial exposure may be partly responsible for rising FA burden, but further prospective studies using double-blind placebo controlled food challenges as an outcome are required.”
“Purpose of review
To discuss the beneficial effects of statin treatment in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis (ARAS) and carotid artery disease.
Recent
findings
Evidence suggests selleck that statins may reduce the progression (or even reverse the development) of carotid artery stenosis and AAAs. Statins also improve several indices (e. g. serum creatinine) and preserve renal function in ARAS. In patients with PAD, statins are associated with improved claudication distance and time, reduced cardiovascular events, and improved graft patency rates should these patients undergo surgery. Finally, statins are associated with improved perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality rates in all vascular patients whether they undergo surgery or endovascular procedures.
Summary
Routine statin treatment should be implemented for all vascular patients to ensure a reduced progression of their disease, as well as a reduction in cardiovascular events.”
“It is becoming increasingly clear that the processes of memory formation and storage are exquisitely dynamic. Elucidating the nature and temporal evolution of the biological changes that accompany encoding, storage, and retrieval is key to understand memory formation. For explicit or medial temporal lobe-dependent memories that form after a discrete event and are stored for a long time, the physical changes underlying the encoding and processing of the information (memory trace or engram) remain in a fragile state for some time.