Better view provided by thoracoscopy and its preservation of wall structures (less extensive tissue dissection) www.selleckchem.com/products/Bosutinib.html probably are the explanations for less bleeding. Blood loss was comparative to other series of VATS in tuberculosis spine [13, 15, 16], except studies by Jayaswal et al. [12] and Kandwal et al. [17] where they used spinal instrumentation for stabilization in addition to the debridement. One of the major reported advantages of VATS was the reduction in postoperative hospital stay, and this was also observed in our series [22, 23]. Postoperative stay was less than reported by thoracotomy patients in other studies [23], which is a major consideration in developing countries with a high patient load in tertiary care hospitals.

Table 3 Comparison of mean duration of surgery, average blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay with other studies. One of the major goals of surgery was to achieve adequate neurological decompression through VATS in the present study. The decompression was adequate as indicated by the neurological recovery in all our cases. Our results are in accordance with available literature showing neurological recovery varying from 82 to 95% recovery of ambulatory status [12, 13, 15�C17]. In a retrospective study done by Jayaswal et al. (2007), postoperatively 17 of the 18 patients with preoperative neurologic deficit attained ambulatory status and all patients showed improvement on the Frankel scale, with Grade C in one patient, Grade D in 10 patients, and Grade E in 12 patients [12]. In a series by Kapoor et al.

(2005) of 16 patients, 14 (88%) had good neurologic recovery (improvement by 2-3 grades). In one patient, thoracoscopy was abandoned, and open thoracotomy was performed. Another patient did not recover and underwent anterolateral decompression after 10 weeks [16]. In another series of 30 patients by Kapoor et al. (2012), all patients improved neurologically on a mean followup of 80 months. No patient had neurological deterioration and all of them regained ambulatory power with no cases of recurrence of tuberculosis [13]. In a series by Huang et al. (2000), after a followup of 24 months, the average neurologic recovery was 1.1 grades on Frankel’s scale [15]. In our study, the mean preoperative, postoperative, 6-month, and 12-month kyphosis angle in patients without bone graft placement were 25��, 32��, and 41��, respectively.

Therefore, final X-ray examination revealed an average increase in kyphosis angle by 16��. The mean preoperative, postoperative, 6-month, and 12-month kyphosis angle in patients with bone graft placement were 23��, 18��, and 24��, respectively. Therefore, there is an initial decrease in kyphosis angle with a subsequent slight increase at final followup, with deformity Anacetrapib remaining stationary in the patients where bone grafting was done. Similar results were obtained by Jayaswal et al.