Whether or not these engineered find more variants have a future in haemophilia therapy remains an open question. Immunogenicity might pose a limit to these increasingly complex engineering products. As for potency assessment, these variants may bring further complications. Hopefully, the current SSC recommendations will

provide useful guidance to resolve these. The authors stated that they had no interests which might be perceived as posing a conflict or bias. “
“Summary.  A 22-year-old male with severe haemophilia A and high responding factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor underwent sibling haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in an attempt to eradicate the inhibitor. A reduced intensity conditioning regimen was followed by bone marrow infusion and continuous FVIII administration during immune reconstitution. Although substantial levels of FVIII:C (>100 IU dL−1) were maintained initially, at day +23 inhibitor titres rose, indicating boosting of recipient memory repertoire, despite complete donor chimerism. On day +46, he developed Klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia and died. This case shows that, despite very successful transplantation tolerance, the procedure www.selleckchem.com/products/Vorinostat-saha.html failed to control long-term memory effector immune cells. “
“Summary.  Inflammatory disorders of the periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis are among the most prevalent diseases

worldwide. A few studies have found poorer oral health in patients with congenital coagulation disorders (CCD) like haemophilia and von Willebrand’s disease compared with non-affected controls. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of congenital coagulation disorders on oral health and periodontal (alveolar) bone loss. This is a case control study comparing oral health and periodontal bone loss of patient with congenital coagulation

disorders with matched healthy subjects. The examination included dental status (DMF-T), assessment of oral hygiene (modified Quigley-Hein-Index: QHI) and a dental panoramic X-ray for assessment of alveolar bone loss caused by periodontal disease. A total of 15 patients with CCD (Haemophilia A: n = 8, von Willebrand’s disease: n = 7) were matched with 31 non-affected controls. We observed no clinical relevant difference of oral health (DMF-T, QHI) between patients with CCD and controls despite 上海皓元 better oral hygiene (QHI) of patients with CCD. Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in periodontal bone loss, but the observed difference is not clinically meaningful. Unlike previous studies carried out mainly in children we found no evidence that oral health or periodontal status in adult patients with CCD is worse than that in healthy subjects. However, larger studies and longitudinal studies in adults are needed to confirm our results. “
“Treatment adherence in haemophilia is strongly associated with quality of life and the cost–benefit of treatment.

This emerging understanding of the role of FOXO PTMs in cofactor binding can explain the so-called “FOXO code,” that is, very specific PTM-regulated transcriptional programs.[2] PGC-1α and p300 are two examples of close linkages between FOXO PTM status and transcriptional cofactors interaction. PGC-1α promotes FOXO GlcNacylation. GlcNacylation in turn directs FOXOs toward gluconeogenic genes through interaction with additional cofactors or target gene promoter sequences.

The interaction can be disrupted by insulin signaling. This way, selleck kinase inhibitor the balance between two different upstream modifying enzymes regulates the activity of FOXO in the gluconeogenesis pathway. The interaction with p300, on the other hand, is necessary for FOXO activity, but the direct FOXO acetylation that may result can lead to loss of DNA binding and nuclear export. The amount selleck chemical of active FOXO is constantly replenished by deacetylation enzymes such as the SIRTs. The presence of multiple acetylation sites (seven

lysines in FOXO1) provides the potential for considerable promoter specificity by this mechanism. This system creates a dynamic activation of FOXOs, important for quick changes in transcriptional program. FOXO transcription factors are essential to liver function and liver stress response, and their alteration in disease is only now being recognized. In addition to their critical role in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, and oxidative

stress response, the FOXOs are tumor suppressors that promote both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Pharmacological manipulation of FOXOs in the liver thus has potential benefit for metabolic liver disease, inflammatory liver disease, and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. The existence of a set of PTMs that regulate transcriptional programs of the FOXO factors is important in that it opens the potential for selective modulation of FOXO function. Studies on sites that alter FOXOs DNA-binding activity and their interaction with transcription-regulatory proteins, as well as their stability and subcellular localization may represent a target for pharmacological manipulation of FOXO activity. The existence of unique acetylation sites for different medchemexpress members of the FOXO family potentially can also provide insight into the nonredundant roles of each of the FOXO proteins in transcriptional regulation of hepatic target genes. The authors have no financial or other interests in entities related to the subject of this article. “
“Background and Aim:  Antemortem diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cardiac metastasis is uncommon. To clarify the clinical manifestation and survival of HCC patients with cardiac metastases, we initiated the present study. Methods:  We retrospectively analyzed 48 HCC patients with metastases into cardiac cavity diagnosed antemortem.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a grant from Program for changjiang Scholars and Innovative

Research Team in University (PCSIRT: 1171) Key Word(s): 1. DNA damage repair; 2. Baicalein; 3. cytotoxicity; 4. HCC; Presenting Author: KUNLUN CHEN Additional Authors: HAITAO ZHU, JUN LI, RUI ZHOU, SHU ZHANG, BAOHUA LI, ZHIDONG WANG, ZONGFANG LI Corresponding Author: ZONGFANG LI Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong U0126 mouse University Objective: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular AP24534 datasheet process during which epithelial polarized cells become motile mesenchymal-appearing cells, which in

turn promotes carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Baicalein is currently used as an anticancer drug, despite evidence indicating that EMT can be a target for baicalein, little is known about the effect of baicalein on HCC cells. In the study, we sought to investigate the potential use of baicalein as an inhibitor of TGF-β-1-induced EMT development in MHCC97H cells. Methods: MHCC97H cells treated with DMSO (control), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 (TGF), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1+ 10 μM baicalein (TGF + B 10), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 + 20 μM baicalein (TGF + B20) or 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 + 30 μM baicalein (TGF + B30) for 24 h were used to examine changes in EMT markers. The expression of E-cadherin, Fibronectin and Vimentin mRNA and protein in MHCC97H cells was determined by quantitative

RT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of Snail1, Snail2, Zeb1, Zeb2, Twist1 and Twist2 mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Baicalein inhibits morphological changes of TGF-β-1-induced EMT development. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their characteristic marker E-cadherin and gain mesenchymal markers MCE including Vimentin and Fibronectin. Our results show that expression of E-cadherin increased, while expression of Fibronectin and Vimentin were greatly repressed. Transcriptional factors of Snail1, Twist1 and Slug play a central role in EMT. Baicalein down-regulated Snail1, Twist1 and Zeb2 when TGF + B20 and TGF +B30 group cells were compared to control group cells (p < 0.01), but no differences were observed in Slug and Zeb1 expression. The expression of Twist2 was not detectived. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that baicalein inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in MHCC97H cells. Acknowledgements: Supported by a grant from Program for changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT: 1171) Key Word(s): 1. Baicalein; 2. EMT; 3. HCC; 4.

Acknowledgements: This work was supported by a grant from Program for changjiang Scholars and Innovative

Research Team in University (PCSIRT: 1171) Key Word(s): 1. DNA damage repair; 2. Baicalein; 3. cytotoxicity; 4. HCC; Presenting Author: KUNLUN CHEN Additional Authors: HAITAO ZHU, JUN LI, RUI ZHOU, SHU ZHANG, BAOHUA LI, ZHIDONG WANG, ZONGFANG LI Corresponding Author: ZONGFANG LI Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong buy Pirfenidone University Objective: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular Palbociclib cost process during which epithelial polarized cells become motile mesenchymal-appearing cells, which in

turn promotes carcinoma invasion and metastasis. Baicalein is currently used as an anticancer drug, despite evidence indicating that EMT can be a target for baicalein, little is known about the effect of baicalein on HCC cells. In the study, we sought to investigate the potential use of baicalein as an inhibitor of TGF-β-1-induced EMT development in MHCC97H cells. Methods: MHCC97H cells treated with DMSO (control), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 (TGF), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1+ 10 μM baicalein (TGF + B 10), 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 + 20 μM baicalein (TGF + B20) or 5 ng/ml TGF-β-1 + 30 μM baicalein (TGF + B30) for 24 h were used to examine changes in EMT markers. The expression of E-cadherin, Fibronectin and Vimentin mRNA and protein in MHCC97H cells was determined by quantitative

RT-PCR and Western blot. The expression of Snail1, Snail2, Zeb1, Zeb2, Twist1 and Twist2 mRNA was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Baicalein inhibits morphological changes of TGF-β-1-induced EMT development. During EMT, epithelial cells lose their characteristic marker E-cadherin and gain mesenchymal markers 上海皓元 including Vimentin and Fibronectin. Our results show that expression of E-cadherin increased, while expression of Fibronectin and Vimentin were greatly repressed. Transcriptional factors of Snail1, Twist1 and Slug play a central role in EMT. Baicalein down-regulated Snail1, Twist1 and Zeb2 when TGF + B20 and TGF +B30 group cells were compared to control group cells (p < 0.01), but no differences were observed in Slug and Zeb1 expression. The expression of Twist2 was not detectived. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings provide new evidence that baicalein inhibits TGF-β1-induced EMT in MHCC97H cells. Acknowledgements: Supported by a grant from Program for changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT: 1171) Key Word(s): 1. Baicalein; 2. EMT; 3. HCC; 4.

17 Under the assumption that half of cirrhotic patients died of cancer,18 the tumor-free liver-related mortality rate of compensated cirrhotic patients was estimated as 1.1%, while extrapolated for the entire period of follow-up in this Markov model. We estimated the

procedure-related mortality of each procedure19–27 and the annual mortality of progressive HCC28, 29 under the assumption of a beta distribution (see Supporting Information for details). For patients characterized by microscopic tumor infiltration of the resection margin (R1), it was assumed that no further interventions were possible because of progressive HCC.12 In the literature, the R1 rates were reported to range between 2% and 10% for patients with early stage HCC,30–32 but no data has been available for very early stage HCC. We assumed the R1 rate as 0% for very early stage HCC, reflecting Depsipeptide ic50 that microscopic tumor seeding is not very frequent NVP-BEZ235 order for this stage of HCC.1, 33 There was only one article identified that evaluated local tumor response of patients with solitary small HCCs <2 cm treated with primary

percutaneous RFA.3 As there was a chance probability of favorable outcomes for RFA due to a sampling error, we assumed the highest value within the 99% confidence interval for the initial tumor control failure and the local recurrence rates derived from the data in this article, which were calculated as 4.1% and 2.5%, respectively. The incidence of intrahepatic recurrence distant from the original tumor has been known to be at least 70% during the 5-year follow-up periods, and the annual incidence of recurrence

was estimated from a declining exponential approximation.34–36 Although the rates to treat recurrent HCC by RFA have been reported to be somewhat variable,4, 37–40 the variation seems to originate from a random effect or a selection bias.10 We assumed the same rate for both patients treated with HR or RFA. Needle tract seeding is also a well known complication of RFA.41–43 However, over half of tumor seeding cases have been successfully treated with local procedures.41, 42 To simplify the Markov model, the repeatability of RFA was assumed as 60% for a local recurrence MCE公司 or needle tract seeding, which was the same as that for remote intrahepatic recurrence (Table 1). The validity of our model was tested by estimating the mortality data from the literature (see the Supporting Information for details).3, 44–46 With the preset values listed in Table 1, the expected values of overall survival were 7.577 years, 7.564 years, and 7.356 years in group I, group II, and group III, respectively. The expected 5-year overall survival rates were calculated as 62.5%, 62.3%, and 60.3% for group I, group II, and group III, respectively (Fig. 2). One-way sensitivity analysis for age demonstrated that group I was the preferred strategy for all ages of patients from 30 to 80 years when other variables values remained constant (Supporting Fig. 1).

35–37 However, none of these prognostic factors have been considered as a contraindication to liver resection.38 Synchronous CLM did not influence the survival in the simultaneous resection group. The reported 5-year survival rate after liver resection for patients

with synchronous CLM range 20–40%.13,15,16 www.selleckchem.com/products/epacadostat-incb024360.html In addition, with the innovation of surgical techniques and the constant improvement of the comprehensive treatment, more and more recent studies demonstrated that the strategy to simultaneously resect the primary tumor and the synchronous metastases has a similar overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years compared to staged liver resection.10,12,15,16,27 Traditionally, staged resection has been considered as the preferable choice in dealing with synchronous CLM. Several authors have stressed that simultaneous resection may increase the rate of postoperative complications and mortality.23,39,40 In particular, they feared increasing the risk of insufficiencies of the colorectal anastomosis, by the additional burden of a simultaneous liver resection.23 In this meta-analysis, we found that the overall postoperative morbidity after GPCR Compound Library simultaneous resection was lower than that after staged resection of SCLM. However, there was no significant

difference in mortality and blood loss between the two groups. These results

may be explained by the need for two laparotomies and a resulting increase of complications associated with laparotomy. On the other hand, recent advances in hepatobiliary surgical training, hepatobiliary techniques, anesthetic management MCE and overall critical care have made hepatic resection safer and increased overall quality of life.20 With the safety of simultaneous resection being shown in selected patients and the improvement of operative techniques, the operation indications for simultaneous resection of liver metastases from colorectal has been extended. This has made some original relative contraindications into resectable cases. Formerly, simultaneous resection has been performed for smaller and fewer liver metastases. Nowadays, for patients with synchronous CLM, a single operation will be preferred if it is safe and superior in a prognostic aspect. Jovine et al.41 also reported that simultaneous colonic and liver resection should be undertaken in selected patients with synchronous colorectal liver resection regardless of the extent of hepatectomy. In fact, major liver resection seems capable of providing better oncological results, allowing resection of liver micrometastases that are located in the same liver lobe of macroscopic lesions.

Because of their manageable size, only approximately 20% of PF-01367338 research buy 1 and 2 yr

old seals were sedated when measured, compared to over 50% of 3 yr olds, and over 90% of seals age 4 yr and older. Dorsal straight length (from tip of nose to tip of tail) and axillary girth (just posterior to the insertion of the foreflippers on inhalation) were measured. We analyzed measurements of live, free-ranging monk seals. Dead seals were excluded as were measurements of seals brought into captivity for rehabilitation or permanent care during the calendar years when held captive. When more than one measurement was available for an individual in a given year, we selected the most complete set of measurements

(i.e., simultaneous length and girth) and, secondarily, the measurements taken closest to 30 June (mid-year). Measurements from different dates in the same year were combined if, for example, length was taken on one date and girth on another. Repeat measurements of the same seal in different years were treated as independent. Integer ages were assigned and incremented on 1 January. We further limited our analysis to seals whose ages were known from marking with flipper tags in the birth year. Measurements from seals aged 1 yr and older were analyzed, thereby excluding immediate postweaning measurements, to best characterize lifetime growth following the period of maternal care. Consistent with McLaren’s (1993) summary of growth in pinnipeds, MCE we used the generalized von Bertalanffy function (Schnute 1981) Staurosporine for growth in length: where Lx is length at age x, L∞ is the asymptote, a determines the rate of approach to the asymptote and b determines the curvilinearity of that approach. The parameter x0 is the time before birth when

length equals zero. Rather than attempt to fit x0 we instead assigned a fixed value. Johanos et al. (1994) estimated the mean time from mating until birth in Hawaiian monk seals to be 330 d, or 0.9 yr. However, many pinnipeds have delayed implantation and it is not known whether this occurs in Hawaiian monk seals. Any such delay would reduce x0 below 0.9 yr. Consistent with McLaren (1993) we fixed x0 at 0.73 (approximately 9 mo). This age-offset parameter has little effect on the lifetime growth curve when it is small relative to the life span. The same von Bertalanffy function was used to fit growth in axillary girth. Curves were fitted using the nls (nonlinear least squares) function in R (R Development Core Team 2009). Typically, three parameters (L∞, a and b) were estimated. We evaluated the influence of sex and subpopulation by comparing the small sample Akaike information criterion (AICc) of competing models. Sample sizes were insufficient to evaluate temporal variability in growth; all years were combined in analyses.

Saffron also blocked the depletion in the number of cells positive for TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling) and M30 CytoDeath in liver tissues of DEN-treated rats. In vitro experiments carried out using HepG2 cells also confirmed these findings and showed inhibition of

nuclear factor-kappa B activation, increased cleavage of caspase-3, Rapamycin as well as DNA damage and cell cycle arrest upon saffron treatment. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that saffron exerts a significant chemopreventive effect against liver cancer through inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis. This report also shows some evidence that saffron protects rat liver from cancer via modulating oxidative damage and suppressing inflammatory response. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;) Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Chronic infection with hepatitis B Nutlin-3a price and C are the major risk factors for HCC worldwide. Other factors that contribute to the formation of HCC include exposure to environmental carcinogens, iron overload, fatty liver disease, and alcohol abuse.1 Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) is one of the most important environmental carcinogens and is present in tobacco smoke, cosmetics,

gasoline, and various processed foods such as milk and meat products.1 DEN is also commonly used to induce lesions in rats that mimic different types of benign and malignant tumors in humans.2 Given the limited treatments available, preventive control approaches have been considered among the best strategies to protect against cancer. Cancer chemoprotection is based on the use of exogenous phytochemicals to enhance endogenous mechanisms against various stages of cancer development.3 Lately, there has been a lot of

interest in exploring the chemopreventive properties of natural herbs and plants. Saffron is a naturally derived plant product from the medchemexpress dried stigma of the Crocus sativus flower (family Iridaceae) that may have biologically useful properties. In fact, saffron extract and its biologically active compounds, including crocin, crocetin, carotene, and safranal, have been shown both in vitro and in vivo to possess antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and memory-improving properties.4-6 Saffron is also used in folk medicine as an antispasmodic, antidepressant, and aphrodisiac.4 Furthermore, it is one of the most commonly used species around the world for flavoring and coloring foods.4 Saffron has recently gained considerable interest for its capacity to interfere with cancer at initiation and promotion stages as well as for cancer treatment.

Schiano Background: The growing proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with obesity and diabetes increases the risk of complications associated with undiagnosed

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among HCV patients undergoing liver transplantation Selleck ABT-888 (LT). Aim: To evaluate the impact of pre-transplant obesity and diabetes on post-LT survival among HCV patients with (HCV-HCC) and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV-nonHCC). Methods: Using the United Network for Organ Sharing 2003-2013 registry, four categories were created to evaluate the impact of obesity and diabetes on post-LT survival among HCV patients: non-obese and non-diabetic (NO-ND), obese and non-diabetic (O-ND), non-obese and diabetic (NO-D), and obese and diabetic (O-D). Survival was evaluated using Kaplan Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Overall, 17,844 HCV-HCC and 5,962 HCV-nonHCC patients

underwent LT. Among the HCV-HCC cohort, O-ND patients had significantly higher 5-year post-LT survival when compared to NO-ND (73.0% vs. 70.6%, p=0.01), whereas NO-D (63.3% vs. 70.6%, p<0.001) and O-D (64.9% vs. 70.6%, p<0.01) had lower survival (Figure). Among the HCV-HCC cohort, NO-D patients had lower 5-year post-LT survival when compared to NO-ND. When compared to NO-ND patients this website with HCV-nonHCC, O-ND was associated with improved survival (HR, 0.90; 上海皓元医药股份有限公司 95% CI, 0.83-0.98) and NO-D with lower survival (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36). However, the concurrence of obesity and diabetes (O-D) seemed to mitigate the detrimental effect of diabetes alone (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97-1.26). This same trend was seen among HCV-HCC patients. Conclusion: Among HCV patients with or without HCC, diabetes was associated with lower post-LT survival. However, obesity was associated with improved survival, and when concurrent with diabetes, mitigated the detrimental effects of diabetes on post-LT survival. Overall post-LT survival among HCV-HCC patients Disclosures: Ramsey Cheung – Grant/Research

Support: Gilead Sciences Aijaz Ahmed – Consulting: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences Inc., Roche, AbbVie, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Janssen pharmaceuticals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Three Rivers Pharmaceuticals; Grant/Research Support: Gilead Sciences Inc. The following people have nothing to disclose: Robert J. Wong, Edward W. Holt Currrent Guidelines recommend the use of lamivudine (LAM) in HBsAg-negative recipients of liver grafts from anti-HBc positive donors. However, this recommendation is mainly based on the results of studies with short follow-up and limited number of naive recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of LAM in HBsAg- naive recipients of anti-HBc+ liver grafts.

Schiano Background: The growing proportion of hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients with obesity and diabetes increases the risk of complications associated with undiagnosed

nonalcoholic steatohepatitis among HCV patients undergoing liver transplantation AT9283 chemical structure (LT). Aim: To evaluate the impact of pre-transplant obesity and diabetes on post-LT survival among HCV patients with (HCV-HCC) and without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCV-nonHCC). Methods: Using the United Network for Organ Sharing 2003-2013 registry, four categories were created to evaluate the impact of obesity and diabetes on post-LT survival among HCV patients: non-obese and non-diabetic (NO-ND), obese and non-diabetic (O-ND), non-obese and diabetic (NO-D), and obese and diabetic (O-D). Survival was evaluated using Kaplan Meier and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: Overall, 17,844 HCV-HCC and 5,962 HCV-nonHCC patients

underwent LT. Among the HCV-HCC cohort, O-ND patients had significantly higher 5-year post-LT survival when compared to NO-ND (73.0% vs. 70.6%, p=0.01), whereas NO-D (63.3% vs. 70.6%, p<0.001) and O-D (64.9% vs. 70.6%, p<0.01) had lower survival (Figure). Among the HCV-HCC cohort, NO-D patients had lower 5-year post-LT survival when compared to NO-ND. When compared to NO-ND patients Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor with HCV-nonHCC, O-ND was associated with improved survival (HR, 0.90; MCE公司 95% CI, 0.83-0.98) and NO-D with lower survival (HR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.10-1.36). However, the concurrence of obesity and diabetes (O-D) seemed to mitigate the detrimental effect of diabetes alone (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.97-1.26). This same trend was seen among HCV-HCC patients. Conclusion: Among HCV patients with or without HCC, diabetes was associated with lower post-LT survival. However, obesity was associated with improved survival, and when concurrent with diabetes, mitigated the detrimental effects of diabetes on post-LT survival. Overall post-LT survival among HCV-HCC patients Disclosures: Ramsey Cheung – Grant/Research

Support: Gilead Sciences Aijaz Ahmed – Consulting: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences Inc., Roche, AbbVie, Salix Pharmaceuticals, Janssen pharmaceuticals, Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Three Rivers Pharmaceuticals; Grant/Research Support: Gilead Sciences Inc. The following people have nothing to disclose: Robert J. Wong, Edward W. Holt Currrent Guidelines recommend the use of lamivudine (LAM) in HBsAg-negative recipients of liver grafts from anti-HBc positive donors. However, this recommendation is mainly based on the results of studies with short follow-up and limited number of naive recipients. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of LAM in HBsAg- naive recipients of anti-HBc+ liver grafts.