fragilis) Compared to community-acquired infections, healthcare-

fragilis). Compared to community-acquired infections, healthcare-associated infections typically involved a broader spectrum of microorganisms, encompassing ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Candida click here species in addition to the Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus species, and anaerobes typically observed in community-acquired IAIs. The threat of antimicrobial resistance has become a major challenge in the management of intra-abdominal infections. The main resistance threat is posed by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are frequently found in community-acquired infections. According to the

study’s preliminary findings, ESBL producers were the most prevalent and commonly identified drug-resistant microorganism. Two isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae appeared to be resistant to Carbapenems. These particular infections were acquired in the intensive care unit. Wortmannin The rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa among aerobic isolates was 4.6%. There was no statistically significant difference in the Pseudomonas appearance rate between community-acquired and healthcare-associated IAIs. Enterococci (E. faecalis and E. faecium) were identified in 14.5% of all aerobic isolates. Although Enterococci were also present in community-acquired infections, they were far more prevalent in healthcare-associated infections. Data currently available in

mainstream Ergoloid literature regarding the infectious trends of Candida species are rather contradictory [16]. In the first half of the CIAO Study, 45 Candida isolates (5.7%) were observed among a total of 825 isolates. Candida prevalence was significantly higher in the healthcare-associated IAI group than it was in the community-acquired IAI group. Of the 912 patients enrolled in the study, there

were 58 deaths (6.4%). According to univariate statistical analysis of the data, critical clinical condition of the patient upon hospital admission (defined by severe sepsis and septic shock) as well as healthcare-associated infections, non-appendicular origin, generalized peritonitis, and serious comorbidities such as malignancy and severe cardiovascular disease were all significant risk factors for patient mortality. WBCs greater than 12,000 or less than 4,000 and core body temperatures greater than 38°C or less than 36°C by the third post-operative day were statistically significant indicators of patient mortality. Conclusion Complicated intra-abdominal infections remain an important cause of morbidity with poor clinical prognoses. The purpose of the CIAO Study is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, microbiological, and treatment profiles of both community-acquired and healthcare-acquired complicated intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) based on the data collected over a six-month period (January 2012 to June 2012) from 66 medical institutions.

Standard curves created for all primers had a slope of -3 3 ± 0 3

Standard curves created for all primers had a slope of -3.3 ± 0.3 (data not shown). For quantification of amplicons, an individual gene was first amplified by PCR and cloned into the pGEM-Teasy vector (Promega, Madison, WI). Recombinant plasmid DNA was then purified and diluted serially 10-fold to generate a standard curve. Transcript copies corresponding to each gene of interest were calculated https://www.selleckchem.com/products/sn-38.html using the Absolute Quantification Analysis program (Applied Biosystems) and normalized against copies of flaB. Table 1 Oligonucleotide primers

used in this study Gene Forward (5′-3′) Reverse (5′-3′) Cloning     flaB GGGAACTTGATTAGCCTGCGCAAT TCGAGCTTCTGATGATGCTGCT rpoS CTTGCAGGACAAATACAAAGAGGC TGGGACTATTGTCCAGGTTATATCTTT ospC CTGCTGATGAGTCTGTTAAAGGGC TTTGGACTTTCTGCCACAACAGGG ospA GCGTTTCAGTAGATTTGCCTGGTG

CCCTCTAATTTGGTGCCATTTGAGTCG dbpA CTTATATCATGTGGACTAACAGGAGC AGCACTCCTTGAGCTGTAGTTGGA qRT-PCR     flaB TGATTAGCCTGCGCAATCATT AATGACAGATGAGGTTGTAGCAGC rpoS CTGGACAAAGAAATAGAGGGATCTG CAAGGGTAATTTCAGGGTTAAAAGAA ospC GTACTAAAACTAAAGGTGCTGAAGAA GCATCTCTTTAGCTGCTTTTGACA ospA GGCGTAAAAGCTGACAAAAGTAAAGT TGTTTTGCCATCTTCTTTGAAAAC dbpA ACGAAGCGCTAAAGACATTACAGA GGCATCAAAATTTACGCCCTTA Acknowledgements We thank Jianli Zhou for eFT-508 supplier technical assistance. This work was supported by NIH-NIAID Grants AI-059062 (to MVN), AI-076705 (to SN) and AI-080615 (to UP), an Arthritis Foundation fellowship (to GN), and an award from the American Heart Association (to ZO). References 1. Bacon RM, Kugeler KJ, Mead 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase PS: Surveillance for Lyme disease-United States, 1992–2006. MMWR Surveill Summ 2008,57(10):1–9.PubMed 2. Burgdorfer W, Barbour AG, Hayes SF, Benach JL, Grunwaldt E, Davis JP: Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis? Science 1982,216(4552):1317–1319.PubMedCrossRef 3. Steere AC, Grodzicki RL, Kornblatt AN, Craft JE, Barbour AG, Burgdorfer W, Schmid GP, Johnson E, Malawista SE: The spirochetal etiology of Lyme disease. N Engl J Med 1983,308(13):733–740.PubMedCrossRef 4. de Silva AM, Telford SR, Brunet LR, Barthold SW, Fikrig E: Borrelia burgdorferi OspA is an arthropod-specific transmission-blocking Lyme disease vaccine.

J Exp Med 1996,183(1):271–275.PubMedCrossRef 5. Hodzic E, Feng S, Freet KJ, Borjesson DL, Barthold SW: Borrelia burgdorferi population kinetics and selected gene expression at the host-vector interface. Infect Immun 2002,70(7):3382–3388.PubMedCrossRef 6. Montgomery RR, Malawista SE, Feen KJ, Bockenstedt LK: Direct demonstration of antigenic substitution of Borrelia burgdorferi ex vivo: exploration of the paradox of the early immune response to outer surface proteins A and C in Lyme disease. J Exp Med 1996,183(1):261–269.PubMedCrossRef 7. Ohnishi J, Piesman J, de Silva AM: Antigenic and genetic heterogeneity of Borrelia burgdorferi populations transmitted by ticks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2001,98(2):670–675.PubMedCrossRef 8.

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Cr

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. References 1. Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, Bauer DC, Genant HK, Haskell WL, Marcus R, Ott SM, Torner JC, Quandt SA, Reiss TF, Ensrud KE (1996) Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture

Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 348:1535–1541CrossRefPubMed 2. Black DM, Schwartz AV, Ensrud KE, Cauley JA, Levis S, Quandt SA, www.selleckchem.com/products/emricasan-idn-6556-pf-03491390.html Satterfield S, Wallace RB, Bauer DC, Palermo L, Wehren LE, Lombardi A, Santora AC, Cummings SR (2006) Effects of continuing or stopping

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A rechargeable battery pack runs the system allowing the subject

A rechargeable battery pack runs the system allowing the subject to do his work independently and in a usual manner. All sensor data are directly logged on the system itself and saved on a memory

card for subsequent IT-analyses. Eltanexor manufacturer Every measurement is accompanied by video-recording, allowing a parallel view on the measured exposure and the real working situation after synchronisation of sensor and video data within the appropriate analysis software (Fig. 2, top left and right). The video data are only used for verification purposes and do not contribute to the posture analysis. Fig. 2 Screenshot of the analysis software depicting a measuring-based vector puppet (top left), the synchronised video sequence (top right), angular-time-graphs of the measured knee flexion (for both knees), and automatic identification codes for various postures (colour bars, bottom) The software features an automated recognition for various body postures and movements and allows for the analysis of occurrence, frequency, duration and dynamics of the defined postures (unsupported kneeling, supported kneeling,

sitting on heels, squatting, and crawling), and measured variables (e.g. knee flexion, Fig. 2, bottom). All measurements were performed by experienced technical services of the Statutory Accident Insurance companies, applying a total of ten measuring systems used in parallel at various locations in Germany. Task modules or typical shifts For all examined occupations, a board of PD0332991 in vitro technical experts of the German Statutory Accident Insurance defined typical tasks in which knee-straining postures were assumed to occur frequently and which were usually carried out for a whole work shift, for example tilers’ work can be separated into floor tiling, wall tiling, et cetera. These single tasks and their concomitant

activities such as preparation and clearance work, breaks, and driving time were combined as task modules or typical shifts. It was planned to measure at least three work shifts performed by different workers per task module to capture inter-individual variations. In reality, working conditions limited this protocol to a total of 81 task modules, and 30 modules (=37.0 %) were Oxymatrine measured less than three times (15 modules (=18.5 %) were measured just once; another 15 modules (=18.5 %) were measured just twice). Sampling strategy As one of the aims of the study was to assess daily exposure of a task module without measuring the entire work shift, it was necessary to obtain the full information about all single tasks occurring during a shift and to prioritise tasks to be measured based on the criteria of them containing knee-straining postures. For this purpose, in preparation for the measuring day, information regarding the tasks was collected from the participating enterprises and a measuring plan was developed.

J Bacteriol 1995, 177:3496–3503 PubMed 26 Arora SK, Ritchings BW

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of Escherichia coli O157:H7 with bovine intestinal epithelium. Cell Microbiol 2009, 11:121–137.CrossRefPubMed 29. Weinstein DL, Carsiotis M, Lissner CR, O’Brien AD: Flagella help Salmonella typhimurium

survive within murine macrophages. Infect Selleckchem PRN1371 Stattic Immun 1984, 46:819–825.PubMed 30. Liu SL, Ezaki T, Miura H, Matsui K, Yabuuchi E: Intact motility as a Salmonella typhi invasion-related factor. Infect Immun 1988, 56:1967–1973.PubMed 31. Dai B: Advances in research on leptospira and human leptospirosis in China. Chin Med Sci J 1992, 7:239–243.PubMed 32. Croda J, Figueira CP, Wunder EA Jr, Santos CS, Reis MG, Ko AI, Picardeau M: Targeted mutagenesis in pathogenic Leptospira species: disruption of the LigB gene does not affect virulence in animal models of leptospirosis. Infect Immun 2008, 76:5826–5833.CrossRefPubMed 33. Bischoff Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease DS, Ordal GW: Identification and characterization of FliY, a novel component of the Bacillus subtilis flagellar switch complex. Mol Microbiol 1992, 6:2715–2723.CrossRefPubMed 34. Senesi S, Celandroni F, Salvetti S, Beecher DJ, Wong AC, Ghelardi E: Swarming motility in Bacillus cereus and characterization of a fliY mutant impaired in swarm cell differentiation. Microbiology 2002, 148:1785–1794.PubMed 35. Nougayre JP, Fernandes PJ, Donnenberg MS: Adhesion of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli to host cells. Cell Microbiol 2003, 5:359–372.CrossRef 36. Kline KA, Fälker S, Dahlberg S, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B: Bacterial adhesins in host-microbe interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2009,

5:580–592.CrossRefPubMed 37. Cinco M, Domenis R, Perticarari S, Presani G, Marangoni A, Blasi E: Interaction of leptospires with murine microglial cells. New Microbiol 2006, 29:193–199.PubMed 38. Choy HA, Kelley MM, Chen TL, Moller AK, Matsunaga J, Haake DA: Physiological osmotic induction of Leptospira interrogans adhesion: LigA and LigB bind extracellular matrix proteins and fibrinogen. Infect Immun 2007, 75:2441–2450.CrossRefPubMed 39. Coburn J, Fischer JR, Leong JM: Solving a sticky problem: new genetic approaches to host cell adhesion by the Lyme disease spirochete. Mol Microbiol 2005, 57:1182–1195.CrossRefPubMed 40. Edwards AM, Jenkinson HF, Woodward MJ, Dymock D: Binding properties and adhesion-mediating regions of the major sheath protein of Treponema denticola ATCC 35405.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:1782–1786 PubMedCrossRef 8

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005, 49:1782–1786.PubMedCrossRef 8. Cao L, Srikumar R, Poole K: MexAB-OprM hyperexpression in NalC-type multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification and selleck screening library characterization of the nalC gene encoding a repressor of PA3720-PA3719. Mol Microbiol 2004, 53:1423–1436.PubMedCrossRef 9. Lee A, Mao W, Warren MS, Mistry A, Hoshino K, Okumura R, Ishida H, Lomovskaya O: Interplay

between efflux pumps may provide either additive or multiplicative effects on drug resistance. J Bacteriol 2000, 182:3142–3150.PubMedCrossRef 10. Quale J, Bratu S, Gupta J, Landman D: Interplay of efflux system, ampC, and oprD expression in carbapenem resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006, 50:1633–1641.PubMedCrossRef 11. Tomas M, Doumith M, Warner M, Turton JF, Beceiro A, Bou G, Livermore LY333531 price DM, Woodford N: Efflux pumps, OprD porin, AmpC beta-lactamase, and multiresistance in Pseudomonas

aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010, 54:2219–2224.PubMedCrossRef 12. Picao RC, Poirel L, Gales AC, Nordmann P: Diversity of beta-lactamases produced by ceftazidime-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates causing bloodstream infections in Brazil. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009, 53:3908–3913.PubMedCrossRef 13. Andrade SS, Jones RN, Gales AC, Sader HS: Increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Pseudomonas either aeruginosa isolates in Latin American medical centres: 5 year report of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (1997–2001). J Antimicrob Chemother 2003, 52:140–141.PubMedCrossRef

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Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) The microscopic agglutinatio

Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) The microscopic agglutination test was performed according to [1]. In brief, an array of 22 serovars of Leptospira spp. as antigens were employed: Australis, Autumnalis, Bataviae, Canicola, Castellonis, Celledoni, Copenhageni, Cynopteri, Djasiman, Grippotyphosa, Hardjo, Hebdomadis, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Javanica, Panama, Patoc, Pomona, Pyrogenes, Sejroe, Shermani, Tarassovi and Wolffi. All the strains were maintained in EMJH liquid medium (Difco, USA) PF-573228 research buy at 29°C. A laboratory – confirmed case of leptospirosis was defined by the demonstration of a four – fold microagglutination titer rise

between paired serum samples. The probable predominant serovar was considered to be the one with the highest dilution that could cause 50% of agglutination. MAT was considered negative when the titer was below 100. Characterization of the protein in silico Predicted coding sequence (CDSs) LIC11834 and LIC12253 were identified on L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni and selection was based on cellular localization; cellular localization prediction was performed by PSORT, http://​psort.​nibb.​ac.​jp[54] and PredictProtein web server, https://​www.​predictprotein.​org/​[25]. The SMART [23]http://​smart.​embl-heidelbergde/​ and PFAM [55]http://​www.​sanger.​ac.​uk/​Software/​Pfam/​ web servers were used to search for predicted functional and structural domains. The presence

of lipobox putative sequence MK-0457 cell line was evaluated by use of the LipoP program [56]http://​www.​cbs.​dtu.​dk/​services/​LipoP/​. learn more The predicted sequence of the lipobox was also assessed by use of the SpLip program, as described by Setubal

et al. [57]. Secondary structure, solvent accessibility and cellular localization predictions were also performed by using PredictProtein web server, https://​www.​predictprotein.​org/​[25]. DNA isolation and PCR analysis Leptospira cultures were harvested by centrifugation at 11,500 g for 30 min and gently washed in sterile PBS twice. Genomic DNA was isolated from the pellets by guanidine – detergent lysing method using DNAzol® Reagent (Invitrogen), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Primers were designed according to L. interrogans serovar Copenhageni genome sequences (GenBank accession AE016823) and are listed in Table 1. PCR was performed in a reaction volume of 25 μl containing 100 ng of genomic DNA, 1 × PCR buffer (20 mM Tris – HCl, pH 8.4, 50 mM KCl), 2 mM MgCl2, 20 pmol of each specific primer, 200 μM of each dNTP, and 2.5 U Taq DNA Polymerase (Invitrogen). Cycling conditions were: 94 ° C – 4 min, followed by 40 cycles at 94°C – 50 sec, 57°C (LIC11834) or 56°C (LIC12253) – 50 sec, 72°C – 90 sec, and a final extension cycle of 7 min at 72°C. PCR amplified products were loaded on a 1% agarose gel for electrophoresis and visualization with ethidium bromide.

DENR, CI, UP Diliman, FPE, Manila PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric,

DENR, CI, UP Diliman, FPE, Manila PAGASA (Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services TGF-beta inhibitor Administration) (2005) Monthly minimum, maximum and rainfall data from weather stations Tuguegarao and Casiguran 1975–2004. PAGASA, Manila Part T, Soderstrom B (1999) Conservation value of semi-natural pastures in Sweden: contrasting botanical and avian measures. Conserv Biol 13(4):755–765CrossRef Pearson DL, Cassola

F (1992) World-wide species richness patterns of tiger beetles (Coleoptera: cicindelidae): indicator taxon for biodiversity and conservation studies. Conserv Biol 6(3):376–391CrossRef Petersen FT, Meier R (2003) Testing species-richness estimation methods on single-sample collection data using the Danish Diptera. Biodivers Conserv 12:667–686CrossRef Posa MRC, Sodhi NS (2006) Effects of anthropogenic land use on forest birds and butterflies in Subic Bay, Philippines. Biol Conserv 129:256–270CrossRef MK-4827 cell line Posa MRC, Diesmos AC, Sodhi NS, Brooks TM (2008) Hope for threatened tropical biodiversity: lessons from the Philippines. Bioscience 58(3):231–240CrossRef Poulsen MK (1995) The threatened and near-threatened birds of Luzon, Philippines, and the role of the Sierra Madre mountains in their conservation. Bird

Conserv Int 5:79–116CrossRef Poulsen MK, Lambert FR (2000) Altitudinal distribution and habitat preferences of forest birds on Halmahera and Buru, Indonesia: implications for conservation of Moluccan avifaunas.

Ibis 142(4):566–586CrossRef Prendergast JR, Eversham BC (1997) Species richness covariance in higher taxa: empirical tests of the biodiversity indicator concept. Ecography 20(2):210–216CrossRef Prendergast JR, Quinn RM, Lawton JH, Eversham BC, Gibbons DW (1993) Rare species, the coincidence of diversity hotspots and conservation strategies. Nature 365:335–337CrossRef Proctor J (2003) Vegetation and soil and plant chemistry on ultramafic rocks in the tropical Far East. Perspectives in Plant Ecology. Evol Syst 6(1/2):105–124 Reyers B, van Jaarsveld Amoxicillin AS, Krüger M (2000) Complementarity as a biodiversity indicator strategy. Proc R Soc Lond B 267:505–513CrossRef Ricketts TH, Dinerstein E, Olson DO, Loucks C (1999) Who’s where in North America? Patterns of species richness and the utility of indicator taxa for conservation. Bioscience 49:369–381CrossRef Rodrigues ASL, Brooks TM (2007) Shortcuts for biodiversity conservation planning: the effectiveness of surrogates. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38:713–737CrossRef RP (Republic of the Philippines) (1991) National Integrated Protected Area System (NIPAS) Act. Republic of the Philippines, Manila RP (Republic of the Philippines) (2004) National policy agenda on revitalizing mining in the Philippines Presidential Executive Order No. 270.

Psychologically, being in a depressed state and life events are s

Psychologically, being in a depressed state and life events are somewhat connected as well as being different. Being depressed is a continuing psychological status, whereas life events are associated with short-term inner feelings and thoughts.

An increasing number of retrospective and prospective studies, including a wide range of sample sizes, have shown the importance of the relationship between life events and the occurrence of breast cancer. Among various types of life events, we found that striking life events contributed more to tumor development. Interestingly, severe life events, important CHIR98014 mw life changes, major life events, severe threat events, and great threat events have been used to describe the similar psychological characteristics of striking life events in this study [17–21]. The seven selected studies differed somewhat in their definition of striking life events. One study divided individual feelings into four levels, severe, moderate, some, and little or no,

with severe feelings defined as striking life events Adriamycin [17]. A second study defined striking life events as death of a spouse, family member, or friend; sickness of a family member; sickness of the individual (except for cancer); divorce; economic events; self or spouse retirement or unemployment; and moving one’s residence, suggesting that these be considered a standard set of evaluations of striking life events [18]. Since the inclusion of divorce may be open to different interpretations and may result in a lack of significance of the results, we removed this study from our analysis. A third study defined striking life events by their respective scores or as the numbers of events [20]. Although many previous

studies have utilized number rather than degree, validation requires larger patient populations. why Our meta-analysis found that women with striking life events were at 1.5-fold higher risk of developing breast cancer than women without these striking life events (combined OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.15 – 1.97). A forest plot showed a diamond shape, with striking life events on the right side of the invalid line, suggesting that striking life events were strongly associated with the incidence of primary breast cancer. However, although our results indicated that striking life events were positively associated with breast cancer occurrence, the OR was not high and the lower limit of the 95% CI was only 1.15. More importantly, our meta-analysis found that women with a severe degree of striking life events had an OR of 2.07 (95% CI 1.06 – 4.03) of developing breast cancer, suggesting that more severe striking life events contribute to a higher risk of primary breast cancer in women. Our findings suggest that psychological treatment of striking life events may reduce breast cancer occurrence.

These results were corroborated by bioinformatic

These results were corroborated by bioinformatic HSP activation analysis of the polymyxin synthetase gene cluster in M-1, where the adenylation domains specified the amino acid substrates to be activated (Table 2). This is remarkable, since according to literature, these forms of polymyxin are rare and the fact that all three of the polymyxin gene clusters examined to date are from plant-associated this website strains of P. Table 2 Specificity-conferring amino acids and homologies of the adenylation domains in polymyxin synthetases of strains M-1, E681, and PKB1 Module/ strain Active site residues in A-domain Specified aa % aa E681 % aa PKB1 235 236 239 278 299 301 322 330 Module 1   pmxE1/M-1 D V G E

I S S I L-Dab 99 99 pmxE1/E681 D V G E I S S I L-Dab     pmxE1/PKB1 D V W E I S S I L-Dab     Module 2   pmxE2/M-1 D F W N I G M V L-Thr 99 98 pmxE2/E681 D F W N I G M V L-Thr     pmxE2/PKB1 D F W N I G M V L-Thr     Module 3 (W)   pmxE3/M-1 D V G E I S S I D-Dab 98 92 pmxE3/E681 D V G E I S S I D-Dab     pmxE3/PKB1 D V G E I S S I D-Dab     Module 4   pmxE4/M-1 D V G Flavopiridol (Alvocidib) E I S A I L-Dab 96 96 pmxE4/E681 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     pmxE4/PKB1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     Module 5   pmxE1/M-1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab

97 89 pmxE1/E681 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     pmxE1/PKB1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     Module 6 (X)   pmxA1/M-1 D A W T I A A I D-Phe 88 99 pmxA1/E681 D A W I V G A I D-Leu     pmxA1/PKB1 D A W T I A A I D-Phe     Module 7 (Y)   pmxA2/M-1 D F W N I G M V L-Thr 99 51 pmxA2/E681 D F W N I G M V L-Thr     pmxA2/PKB1 D G F L L G L V L-Leu     Module 8   pmxA3/M-1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab 97 92 pmxA3/E681 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     pmxA3/PKB1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     Module 9   pmxA4/M-1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab 96 91 pmxA4/E681 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     pmxA4/PKB1 D V G E I S A I L-Dab     Module 10 (Z)   pmxB1/M-1 D F W N I G M V L-Thr 97 99 pmxB1/E681 D F W N I G M V L-Thr     pmxB1/PKB1 D F W N I G M V L-Thr     Modules 3 and 6 contained extra epimerization domains which might convert Dab3 and Phe6 to the D-configuration.