The targeted 5: 1 molar ratio was maintained at all dose levels for up to 24 hours.\n\nConclusion\n\nThe recommended dose of CPX-351 for phase II study is 101 units/m(2). Further exploration of efficacy and safety is ongoing in phase II trials in newly diagnosed and first-relapse patients

with AML.”
“Increasing evidence suggests that the inappropriate activation of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) could induce neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which means that the pharmacological inhibitors of cell-cycle progression may effectively impede the development or progression of AD. Indirubin-3′-monoxime (IMX), a known effective BVD-523 ic50 inhibitor of CDKs, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on learning and memory deficits induced by beta-amyloid (A beta) intracerebroventricular infusion in rats. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of IMX on A beta(25-35)-induced neuronal apoptosis and its potential mechanisms in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. A beta(25-35)-induced apoptosis, characterized by decreased cell viability, neuronal DNA condensation, and fragmentation, was associated with an increase in tau protein hyperphosphorylation. KU 55933 IMX, however, attenuated A beta(25-35)-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of hyperphosphorylation

tau protein was significantly decreased with CH5183284 mouse IMX treatment. Our study suggests that IMX may usefully prevent or delay the neuronal loss of AD. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The impact of anthropogenic disturbance on the fitness of prey should depend on the relative effect of human activities on different trophic levels. This verification remains rare, however, especially for large animals. We investigated the functional link between habitat selection of female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) and the survival of their calves,

a fitness correlate. This top-down controlled population of the threatened forestdwelling caribou inhabits a managed forest occupied by wolves (Canis lupus) and black bears (Ursus americanus). Sixty-one per cent of calves died from bear predation within two months following their birth. Variation in habitat selection tactics among mothers resulted in different mortality risks for their calves. When calves occupied areas with few deciduous trees, they were more likely to die from predation if the local road density was high. Although caribou are typically associated with pristine forests, females selected recent cutovers without negative impact on calf survival. This selection became detrimental, however, as regeneration took place in harvested stands owing to increased bear predation.

Here we studied the role of the carbohydrate at position 386. We identified a virus variant that had lost the 386 glycan in an evolution study of a mutant virus lacking the disulfide bond at the base of the V4 domain.\n\nResults: The 386 carbohydrate was not essential for folding of wt gp120. However, its removal improved folding of a gp120 variant

lacking the 385-418 disulfide bond, suggesting that it plays an auxiliary role in protein folding in the presence of this disulfide bond. The 386 carbohydrate was not critical for gp120 binding Proteasome activity to dendritic cells (DC) and DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission to T cells. In accordance with previous reports, we found that N386 was involved in binding of the mannose-dependent neutralizing antibody 2G12. Interestingly, in the presence of specific substitutions elsewhere in gp120, removal of N386 did not result in abrogation of 2G12 binding, implying that the contribution of N386 is context dependent. Neutralization by soluble CD4 and the neutralizing CD4 binding site (CD4BS) antibody b12 was significantly enhanced in the absence of the 386 sugar, indicating that this glycan protects the CD4BS against antibodies.\n\nConclusion: The carbohydrate at position 386 is not essential for protein folding and function, but is involved in the protection of the CD4BS from antibodies. Removal of this sugar in the context of trimeric Env immunogens may therefore improve the elicitation

of neutralizing CD4BS antibodies.”
“Lutein

Pexidartinib chemical structure is selectively taken up by the primate retina and plays an important role as a filter for harmful blue light and as an antioxidant. Recent studies have shown that lutein has systemic anti-inflammatory properties. Dietary lutein has been associated with reduced circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers such as CRP and sICAM. Whether lutein also affects activation of the complement system has not yet been addressed and was the purpose of the study described here. Seventy-two subjects with signs of early macular degeneration were randomly assigned to receive either a 10 mg lutein supplement or a placebo during one year. EDTA blood samples were collected at 0, 4, 8 and 12 months. check details Complement factor D (CFD), a rate limiting component of the alternative pathway of complement activation and the complement activation products C5a and C3d were determined in the plasma samples by ELISA. A significant 0.11 mu g/ml monthly decrease in plasma CFD concentration was observed in the lutein group (p<0.001), resulting in a 51% decrease from 2.3 mu g/ml at baseline to 1.0 mu g/ml at 12 months. The C5a concentration showed a significant 0.063ng/ml monthly decrease in the lutein group (p<0.001) resulting in a 36% decrease from 2.2ng/ml at baseline to 1.6ng/ml at 12 months. The C3d concentration showed a significant 0.19 mu g/ml monthly decrease in the lutein group (p=0.004) that gave rise to a 9% decrease from 15.4 mu g/ml at baseline to 14.4 mu g/ml at 12 months.

(C) 2010 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.”
“A targeted oral drug delivery system is useful to improve the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. A high density sinking dosage form can sink to the bottom of the stomach near the pylori sections to enhance gastric retention. However, it is difficult to achieve a high

Bcl-2 cancer density sinking system using the traditional technology. In the current study, novel stomach-specific sinking magnetic microparticles (SMMPs) were prepared via the monoaxial electrospray method for enhanced gastric antimicrobial delivery. The size of SMMPs was approximately 5 mu m, and the Fe3O4 nanoparticles were observed in the SMMPs by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The density of SMMPs increased as the concentration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the electrospray inlet flow increased, with ALK activation the maximum true density of approximately 3.52 g/cm(3). The SMMPs displayed strong magnetism in vitro and in vivo. They can settle down in water within 120 s in vitro, and the settling time decreased to 20 s under a magnetic field. Furthermore, an in vivo gamma scintigraphy study demonstrated that I-131 labeled SMMPs were retained in the stomach for over 8 h, and an external permanent magnet can increase their gastric retention time even further. Using Helicobacter pylori as a model bacterium, amoxicillin-loaded SMMPs

exhibited a significantly greater eradication of H. pylon compared to the free drug, in vivo. Our results suggested that electrospray is an effective technique to prepare the high density gastroretentive dosage forms. We have shown that stomach-specific SMMPs can supply better treatment for H. pylori infections and have the potential to be used in clinical practice.”
“Introns can enhance gene expression levels. This effect is known as intron-mediated

enhancement, which is different from that Pfizer Licensed Compound Library clinical trial of enhancers or promoters. In our previous study, under the control of the cytomegalovirus or goat beta-casein promoter, the vector containing intron V-TPOcDNA expressed the highest thrombopoietin (TPO) level, whereas the vector containing TPOgDNA expressed the lowest level. In order to verify whether intron V also improves TPO expression in the milk of transgenic mice, rat whey acidic protein promoter was used as regulatory element to construct mammary gland expression vectors including pTPOWA (containing TPOcDNA), pTPOWB (containing intron V-TPOcDNA), and pTPOWC (containing TPOgDNA). These vectors were transfected into HC-11 cells and the supernatants were analyzed at 48 h. The highest TPO level was found in pTPOWB (795 pg/mL) and the lowest level in pTPOWC (193 pg/mL). Then, corresponding vectors were microinjected into fertilized mice zygotes. Transgenic mice were identified by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot.

“
“Ibanez etal. (Journal of Vegetation Science, 2013, 24: 177) used fire modelling to examine the differential fire tolerance of secondary forest species in New Caledonia savanna. Misinterpretation of the concept of flame-front residence time and inadequate choices and linkages of fire behaviour and fire effects models affected the estimation of both stem LY2090314 mw and canopy injury. The most relevant concern is that the depth of fire-induced necrosis in the stem was overemphasized by a factor of two to three, underestimating tree tolerance to fire and overestimating

the tree size thresholds for escaping fire.”
“Exercise induces alterations of the extracellular matrix (ECM), e.g. by an increased release of endostatin or by regulation of matrix metalloproteases (MMP)-2/-9,

and cathepsin L. To investigate the influence of training status on exercise-induced ECM-processing of angiogenic molecules, alterations of endostatin-, MMP-2, and MMP-9 plasma concentrations during incremental running step tests in male elite short-track (n=6) and male elite long-track runners (n=7) were studied. Three blood samples (pre-exercise, 0, and 1 h post-exercise) were taken from each subject at each running test. In both groups, the basal endostatin plasma concentration was significantly decreased at the second running test, i.e. after the training season. Exercise-related Bioactive Compound Library chemical structure acute alterations of the parameters were also observed only during the second test. In

the long-track group, there was a significant increase in endostatin at 0 h and of MMP-2 at 1 h post-exercise. In the short-track group, only MMP-9 was significantly increased at 0 h post-exercise. Cathepsin L was increased at 0 h post-exercise. In conclusion, regular exercise performance decreases the basal endostatin plasma concentration, facilitates ECM-processing of angiogenic molecules by regular performance, and seems to be dependent on the kind ACY-738 mw of training.”
“Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if tobacco smoke (TS), a risk factor for cancers of the aerodigestive tract, may contribute to oral carcinogenesis, in part, by suppressing local immunity. Methods: Mice were placed in Plexiglas holders in which they breathed TS through the nose and mouth for 1 hour daily for 21 days. Control mice breathed room air in the same manner. One day after the last exposure, mice were immunized by application of oxazolone to each buccal mucosa. Control mice were mock immunized by application of vehicle alone. Five days later, all mice were challenged on the ears with oxazolone, and 24-hour ear swelling assessed as contact hypersensitivity. Results: Mice exposed to TS had a significantly smaller contact hypersensitivity response compared with controls.

(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Background: We studied recent trends in mortality from seven mental

and neurological conditions and their determinants in 41 European countries. Methods: VX-689 Age-standardized mortality rates were analysed using standard methods of descriptive epidemiology, and were related to cultural, economic and health care indicators using regression analysis. Results: Rising mortality from mental and neurological conditions is seen in most European countries, and is mainly due to rising mortality from dementias. Mortality from psychoactive substance use and Parkinson’s disease has also risen in several countries. Mortality from dementias has risen particularly strongly in Finland, Iceland, Malta, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom, and is positively associated with self-expression values, average income, health care expenditure and life expectancy, but only the first has an independent effect. Conclusions: Although trends in mortality from dementias

have probably been affected by changes in cause-of-death classification, the high level of mortality from these conditions in a number of vanguard countries suggests that it is now among the most frequent causes of death in high-income countries. selleck compound Recognition of dementias as a cause of death, and/or refraining from life-saving treatment for patients with dementia, appear to be strongly dependent on cultural values.”
“Decline in adult smoking prevalence in Canada seems to have slowed, suggesting that smoking rate may have plateaued. It is unclear whether

this, at least in part, can be interpreted as evidence that some groups or individuals are becoming less resistant to tobacco control measures. This study examined trends in the prevalence of hardcore smoking in Canada. A nationally representative sample of adult daily smokers was drawn from the Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey 2004 to 2012 (n = 13,861). Hardcore smokers were defined in two ways: Hardcore 1 comprised those that reported no quit attempt, no quit intention, and smoke their first cigarette within 30 min after awakening and hardcore 2 comprised hardcore 1 plus those smoking 15 or more cigarettes per day. Logistic regression was used to PCI32765 examine associations between hardcore measures and year and socio-demographic variables. Overall, there was no significant difference in hardcore smoking over time for the periods covered in this study. Analysis examining a single hardcore component, time-to-first cigarette (TTFC) after awakening as a measure of nicotine dependence showed similar results. A clear marked socioeconomic gradient in TTFC was found, those with university education (OR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.37-0.57), college (OR 0.51, 95 % CI 0.42-0.63), secondary (OR 0.68, 95 % CI 0.57-0.82) were significantly less likely to have TTFC a parts per thousand currency sign 30 min compared with less than secondary education.

Through the meticulous study of the first cases and the telephone calls to those who attended the summer camp, 90% of the cases of the outbreak were detected.\n\nConclusions:

The active search of cases allowed an outbreak of whooping cough with a high attack rate to be studied in children and adolescents with a high vaccination coverage, and the application of control measures that contributed to stop the outbreak. (C) 2010 Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“In this work, a study about the separation of antioxidant substances from Siraitia grosvenori’ leaves considered as an JNK-IN-8 cost agricultural waste was undertaken. The leaves of S. grosvenori were extracted with ethanol (phi(B) = 0.95) to obtain a crude extract (SEE). The antioxidant activity of SEE was evaluated and compared with that of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) using DPPH free radical, ABTS free radical, total antioxidant activity and reducing power assay. SEE had an antioxidant activity

similar to that of BHT. The total flavonoids content of SEE was found to be catechin equivalent www.selleckchem.com/products/MK-2206.html of 83.45 g kg(-1) of extract. Higher flavonoids compounds may be major contributors to its high antioxidant activity. Following activity-oriented separation, three flavonoid compounds such as kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-7-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-O-L-rhamnoside] (GR), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucose-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (KG) and quercetin were separated from S. grosvenori’ leaves. All of them expressed good free radical scavenging activities. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“AimsThe

great majority of ovarian clear cell carcinomas have a hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 homeobox B (HNF-1)-positive and oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative immunoprofile. However, the pattern of HNF-1 and ER immunostaining in clear cell carcinomas of the endometrium and SBE-β-CD the usefulness of this panel in distinguishing clear cell carcinoma from other histological types of endometrial carcinoma have yet to be well defined. Methods and resultsWe examined the immunostaining patterns of HNF-1, ER and p53 in 15 morphologically classic pure endometrial clear cell carcinomas, and compared these patterns with 15 endometrioid and 15 serous carcinomas of the endometrium. We observed the presence of diffuse ( bigger than 70%) moderate to strong nuclear HNF-1 staining and negative ER staining in 14 of 15 clear cell carcinomas, with the remaining case showing both diffuse strong nuclear HNF-1 staining and focal ER staining. In comparison, only one of 15 serous carcinomas and none of 15 endometrioid carcinomas showed a combination of diffuse moderate to strong HNF-1 nuclear staining and negative ER staining. Aberrant p53 immunostaining was observed in five of 15 (33%) clear cell carcinomas.

In this study, we examined the phylogeny of Prunus, including an expanded sampling of species from tropical regions in Southeast PXD101 Asia and the Americas, using sequences from four plastid markers and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. A penalized likelihood method was used to estimate the absolute age of Prunus and the timing of infrageneric cladogenic events. The geographic origin of Prunus and

ancestral sites of cladogenesis were inferred using the Bayes-DIVA approach. Our results indicate that the modern genus appeared similar to 61 Myr in eastern Asia and that diversification of all major lineages may have been triggered by the global warming period of the early Eocene. In addition, our molecular dating estimates suggest that the crown clade that includes the temperate deciduous crop species is older than the one that includes the tropical evergreen species, while incongruence

between plastid and nuclear phylogenies suggests that the latter lineage originated via an ancient hybridization event. The most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the temperate crop species was a component of the continuous boreotropical forests of the Northern Hemisphere, while the MRCA of the tropical species represented the last remains of URMC-099 the boreotropical elements and subsequently radiated throughout the Old and New World tropics from refugial areas at lower latitudes. Complex biogeographic histories leading to the present global distribution of the genus were driven by several geologic events, climatic oscillations, and independent dispersals across continents via the Bering and the North Atlantic Land Bridges during Epacadostat different geologic time periods. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Slope

instability and foundation liquefaction caused by earthquakes are important research issues in geotechnical earthquake engineering. To analyse the effect of foundation liquefaction on the laws of slope acceleration, deformation and stability, the dynamic slope responses to a saturated foundation are studied and compared using nonlinear dynamic finite element methods based on the equivalent viscoelastic constitutive and elastic plastic constitutive models. The influence of a saturated foundation on the characteristics of dynamic pore pressure in the foundation, seismic acceleration and slope deformation is verified and analysed using a dynamic centrifuge model test. The dynamic pore pressure in the foundation greatly increases and results in foundation liquefaction. Therefore, heavy slope deformation caused by foundation liquefaction has a strong effect on slope instability during an earthquake. In addition, the dynamic true-coupled consolidation method is found to be superior to the quasi-coupled consolidation method.

Although the alpha-amylase from the resistant cost strain exhibited higher affinity CX-6258 to starch (i.e., lower K(m)), its V(max)-value was the lowest among the strains, particularly the resistant no-cost strain. Such results provide support for the hypothesis that enhanced alpha-amylase activity may be playing a major role in mitigating fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“GOJANOVIC, B., J. WELKER, K. IGLESIAS, C. DAUCOURT, and G. GREMION. Electric Bicycles as a New Active Transportation Modality to

Promote Health. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 43, No. 11, pp. 2204-2210, 2011. Electrically assisted bicycles (EAB) are an emerging transportation modality favored for environmental reasons. Some physical effort is required to activate the supporting engine, making it a potential active commuting option. Purpose: We hypothesized that using an EAB in a hilly city allows sedentary subjects to commute comfortably, GDC-0994 while providing a sufficient effort

for health-enhancing purposes. Methods: Sedentary subjects performed four different trips at a self-selected pace: walking 1.7 km uphill from the train station to the hospital (WALK), biking 5.1 km from the lower part of town to the hospital with a regular bike (BIKE), or EAB at two different power assistance settings (EAB(high), EAB(std)). HR, oxygen consumption, and need to shower were recorded. Results: Eighteen sedentary subjects (12 female, 6 male) age 36 +/- 10 yr

were included, with (V) over dotO(2max) of 39.4 +/- 5.4 mL.min(-1).kg(-1). Time to complete the course was 22 (WALK), 19 (EAB(high)), 21 (EAB(std)), Fer-1 and 30 (BIKE) min. Mean %(V) over dotO(2max) was 59.0%, 54.9%, 65.7%, and 72.8%. Mean%HRmax was 71.5%, 74.5%, 80.3%, and 84.0%. There was no significant difference between WALK and EAB(high), but all other comparisons were different (P < 0.05). Two subjects needed to shower after EAB(high), 3 needed to shower after WALK, 8 needed to shower after EAB(std), and all 18 needed to shower after BIKE. WALK and EAB(high) elicited 6.5 and 6.1 METs (no difference), whereas it was 7.3 and 8.2 for EAB(std) and BIKE. Conclusions: EAB is a comfortable and ecological transportation modality, helping sedentary people commute to work and meet physical activity guidelines. Subjects appreciated ease of use and mild effort needed to activate the engine support climbing hills, without the need to shower at work. EAB can be promoted in a challenging urban environment to promote physical activity and mitigate pollution issues.”
“Previous animal and human studies have suggested that total plasma sulfide plays a role in the pathophysiology of shock. This study’s aim was to determine the value of total plasma sulfide as a marker of shock severity in nonsurgical adult patients admitted to the ICU.

We propose that therapeutic interventions which are found to show promise in standard-housed preclinical models should be subsequently tested under conditions of greater environmental enrichment to identify therapeutics which continue to show efficacy in housing contexts of this website superior ‘environmental construct validity’. Other possible approaches to optimize the quality, validity and reporting of preclinical studies in animal models are also discussed.”
“There is an extensive clinical need for soft tissue filler materials, such as adipose tissue, for plastic and reconstructive surgery. Due to limitations with autologous

adipose transplantation, engineered adipose tissue provides a potential alternative therapy. Embryonic germ cells form embryoid bodies and subsequent embryoid body-derived (EBD) cells have the ability to differentiate toward multiple tissue types. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that EBD cells were capable of adipogenic differentiation in vitro and β-Nicotinamide inhibitor in vivo using a poly(ethylene glycol)-based hydrogel scaffold. EBD cells underwent adipogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Results were directly compared to adipogenic differentiation of adult bone

marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Differentiated EBD cells in both monolayer and three-dimensional in vitro culture demonstrated fat granules by light microscopy, stained positive for lipids with oil red-O, and expressed adipocyte-specific genes (lipoprotein lipase [LPL], peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma 2, and adipocyte-specific fatty acid binding protein [alpha P2]). In vivo constructs demonstrated adipogenic differentiation by alpha P2 and LPL gene expression and oil red-O staining of lipid granules. In conclusion, EBD cells are capable of differentiating toward an adipogenic lineage in vitro and in vivo. EBD cells’ adipogenic differentiation is comparable to that of MSCs and demonstrate therapeutic potential

for soft tissue augmentation and reconstruction.”
“A 64-year-old woman suffering from progressive amyloid A (AA) amyloidosis of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, associated with active rheumatoid arthritis, was transferred to our hospital due to hypovolemic shock. Although intensive Nutlin-3a purchase care, including treatment with prednisolone and methotrexate, improved the hypovolemic shock, paralytic ileus became dominant instead of the marked diarrhea, suggesting the terminal stage of AA amyloidosis of the GI tract. Thus, we administered tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody (8 mg/kg, repeated every 4 weeks). Two weeks after the first injection of tocilizumab, serum AA rapidly returned to their normal ranges in accordance with the amelioration of paralytic ileus and systemic joint pain. Surprisingly, after three courses of tocilizumab treatment, colon biopsy revealed no amyloid deposition.

Fifty two patients were symptomatic, and 46 of them had some sign on physical examination. Thirty nine oesophagoscopies were performed, and 7 oesophageal or gastric lesions were observed. When patients with normal and abnormal endoscopic findings were compared, the factors associated with an increased risk of mucosal injury were vomiting (P=0.01), and two or AG-881 ic50 more symptoms at admission (P = 0.03). No complication was described in patients without endoscopy.\n\nConclusions: Family education about preventive and initial measures after caustic ingestion must be improved in an attempt to prevent wrong actions which can be harmful. Some patients might benefit from clinical observation without aggressive therapeutic

measures. (C) 2010 Asociacion Espanola de

Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L. All rights reserved.”
“Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is the etiological agent of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), a fatal lymphoproliferative disease of many species in the order Artiodactyla. Development of a vaccine is critical to prevent mortality. Because OvHV-2 has not been cultured in vitro, SA-MCF research is hindered by the lack of in vitro tools to study viral constituents and specific host immune responses. As an alternative, in this GSK2879552 mouse study the neutralizing activity of antibodies against OvHV-2 glycoproteins gB and gH/gL was evaluated in vivo using rabbits. OvHV-2-specific antibodies were developed in rabbits by immunization using biolistic delivery of

plasmids expressing the genes of interest. A lethal dose of OvHV-2 was incubated with the antisera and then nebulized into rabbits. Virus neutralization was assessed by measuring infection parameters associated with the virus SU5402 clinical trial infectious dose. Anti-gB or anti-gH/gL antibodies alone blocked infection in five out of six rabbits (83%), while a combination of anti-gB and anti-gH/gL antibodies protected all six rabbits (100%) from infection. These results indicate that antibodies to OvHV-2 gB and gH/gL are capable of neutralizing virions, and consequently, reduce virus infectivity and prevent SA-MCF in rabbits. Thus, OvHV-2 gB and gH/gL are suitable targets to be tested in a SA-MCF vaccine aimed at stimulating neutralizing antibody responses. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing at the allelic level can in theory be achieved using whole exome sequencing (exome-seq) data with no added cost but has been hindered by its computational challenge. We developed ATHLATES, a program that applies assembly, allele identification and allelic pair inference to short read sequences, and applied it to data from Illumina platforms. In 15 data sets with adequate coverage for HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1 and -DQB1 genes, ATHLATES correctly reported 74 out of 75 allelic pairs with an overall concordance rate of 99% compared with conventional typing.