More specifically, we found that healthy individuals who scored h

More specifically, we found that healthy individuals who scored higher on self-reports of state anxiety acquired more

attentional bias towards negative information after HF-rTMS. Therefore, the effects of a single placebo-controlled rTMS session of the right DLPFC is consistent with the effects of a disrupted prefrontal-amygdala circuitry. The effects on attentional bias are largest in those participants reporting higher state anxiety scores, possibly because underlying amygdala activation is CX-6258 price highest. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Purpose: Radical cystectomy in patients with a history of pelvic radiation therapy is often a challenging and morbid procedure. We report early complication rates in patients undergoing cystectomy and urinary diversion after high dose pelvic radiation.

Materials and Methods: From 1983 to 2008, 2,629 patients underwent cystectomy with urinary diversion at a single institution.

Of these patients 148 received 60 Gy or greater pelvic radiation therapy before surgery. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed and any complication within 90 days of surgery was graded using the Clavien-Dindo LY2109761 solubility dmso system.

Results: Median patient age was 74 years with a median American Society of Anesthesiologists score of 3. Patients received a median of 70 Gy pelvic radiation therapy a median of 2.3 years before surgery. Urinary diversions performed were ileal conduit in 65 patients (43.9%), continent cutaneous Q-VD-Oph mw pouch in 35 (23.6%) and orthotopic neobladder in 48 (32.4%). A total of 335 early complications were identified. The highest grade complication was 0 in 23% of the patients, grade 1 in 12.2%, grade 2 in

32.4%, grade 3 in 18.9%, grade 4 in 7.4% and grade 5 in 6.1%. Age older than 65 years and American Society of Anesthesiologists score were statistically significant predictors of postoperative complications (p = 0.0264 and p = 0.0252, respectively). The type of urinary diversion did not significantly affect the grade distribution or number of early complications per patient (p = 0.7444 and p = 0.1807, respectively).

Conclusions: The early complication rate using a standardized reporting system in patients undergoing radical cystectomy after radiation therapy is higher than previously published in nonirradiated subjects. Age and American Society of Anesthesiologists score but not urinary diversion type were associated with early complications in this population.”
“Often memory for emotionally arousing items is enhanced relative to neutral items within complex visual scenes, but this enhancement can come at the expense of memory for peripheral background information. This ‘trade-off’ effect has been elicited by a range of stimulus valence and arousal levels, yet the magnitude of the effect has been shown to vary with these factors.

The effect of furfural and HMF on butanol production by Clostridi

The effect of furfural and HMF on butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum 824 was investigated. Whereas specific growth rates, mu, of C. acetobutylicum in the presence of furfural and HMF were in the range of 15-85% and 23-78%, respectively, of the uninhibited Control, mu increased by 8-15% and 23-38% following exhaustion

of furfural and HMF in the bioreactor. Using high performance liquid chromatography and spectrophotometric assays, batch fermentations revealed that furfural and HMF were converted to furfuryl alcohol and 2,5-bis-hydroxymethylfuran, respectively, with specific conversion rates of 2.13 g furfural and 0.50 g HMF per g (biomass) per hour, by exponentially growing C. acetobutylicum. Biotransformation of these furans to lesser inhibitory Selleck 4EGI-1 compounds by C. acetobutylicum will probably enhance overall fermentation of lignocellulosic hydrolysates to butanol.”
“Emotion and motivation have crucial roles in determining human behavior. Yet, how they interact with cognitive control functions is less understood. Here, the basic elements of a conceptual framework for understanding how they interact are introduced. More broadly, the ‘dual

Selleck SHP099 competition’ framework proposes that emotion and motivation affect both perceptual and executive competition. In particular, the anterior cingulate cortex is hypothesized to be engaged in attentional/effortful control mechanisms and to interact with several other brain structures, including the amygdala and nucleus accumbens, in integrating affectively significant signals with control signals in prefrontal cortex. An implication of the proposal is that emotion and motivation can either enhance or impair behavioral performance depending on how they interact with control functions.”
“Objective: Early invasive strategy,

defined as early coronary angiography Calpain and subsequent revascularization, when appropriate, is recommended by current guidelines for the management of patients with moderate-to high-risk acute coronary syndromes. We sought to compare the outcomes of patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing surgical revascularization with an on-pump versus off-pump approach.

Methods: Among a total of 13,819 patients with moderate-to high-risk acute coronary syndromes enrolled in the Acute Catheterization and Urgent Intervention Triage Strategy trial, 1375 patients were triaged to isolated coronary artery bypass grafting. One thousand one hundred fifty-four patients underwent operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (the coronary artery bypass grafting group), and 221 patients underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (the off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting group).

39 (95% CI 2 18-8 85) times those of non-smokers Control for non

39 (95% CI 2.18-8.85) times those of non-smokers. Control for non-observed fixed confounding factors reduced the association between

cigarette smoking and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts to statistical non-significance. After adjustment, those smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day had odds of suicidal ideation Selleck Alvespimycin that were 1.00 times (95% CI 0.46-2.18) those of non-smokers, and odds of suicide attempt that were 1.84 (95% CI 0.81-4.18) times those of nonsmokers.

Conclusions. The findings suggest that the associations between frequency of cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour may largely be explained by the non-observed background factors and life circumstances that are associated with both cigarette smoking and suicidal behaviour.”
“Eight percent of the human genome is composed of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), which are thought to be inactive remnants of ancient infections. Previously, we showed that individuals with early HIV-1 infection have stronger anti-HERV T cell responses than uninfected controls. In this study, we investigated whether these responses

persist in chronic HIV-1 infection and whether they have a role in the control of HIV-1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 88 subjects diagnosed with HIV-1 infection for at least 1 year (median duration of diagnosis, 13 years) were tested for responses against HERV peptides in gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) enzyme immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Individuals who control HIV-1 viremia without highly click here active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) had stronger and broader HERV-specific T cell responses than HAART-suppressed patients, virologic noncontrollers, immunologic progressors, and uninfected controls (P < 0.05 for each pairwise comparison). In addition, the magnitude of the anti-HERV T cell response was inversely correlated with HIV-1 viral load (r(2) = 0.197, P =

0.0002) and associated with higher CD4(+) T cell counts (r(2) = 0.072, P = 0.027) in untreated patients. Flow cytometric analyses of an HLA-B51-restricted CD8(+) HERV response in one HIV-1-infected individual revealed BAY 1895344 mouse a less activated and more differentiated phenotype than that stimulated by a homologous HIV-1 peptide. HLA-B51 tetramer dual staining within this individual confirmed two different T cell populations corresponding to these HERV and HIV-1 epitopes, ruling out cross-reactivity. These findings suggest a possible role for anti-HERV immunity in the control of chronic HIV-1 infection and provide support for a larger effort to design an HIV-1 vaccine that targets conserved antigens such as HERV.”
“The recent emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) marked a quantum change in the biology and epidemiology of a major human pathogen. Various virulence determinants unique to CA-MRSA have been uncovered recently, which shed light on how these strains spread easily and sustainably among humans and frequently cause severe disease.

All rights reserved “
“Ole e 9 is an olive pollen allergen b

All rights reserved.”
“Ole e 9 is an olive pollen allergen belonging to group 2 of pathogenesis-related proteins. The protein is composed of two immunological independent domains: an N-terminal domain (NtD) with 1,3-beta-glucanase activity, and a C-terminal domain (CtD) that binds 1,3-beta-glucans. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of CtD-Ole e 9 (101 amino acids), which consists of two parallel alpha-helices

forming an angle of similar to 55 degrees, a small antiparallel beta-sheet with two short strands, and a 3-10 helix turn, all connected by long coil segments, resembling a novel type of folding among allergens. Two regions surrounded by aromatic residues (F49, Y60, F96, Y91 and Y31, H68, Y65, F78) have been localized on the protein surface, and a role for sugar binding is suggested. The epitope mapping of CtD-Ole e 9 shows that B-cell epitopes find more are mainly located on loops, although

some of them are contained in secondary structural elements. Interestingly, the IgG and IgE epitopes are contiguous or overlapped, rather than coincident. The three-dimensional structure of CtD-Ole e 9 might help to understand the underlying mechanism of its biochemical function and to determine possible structure-allergenicity relationships.”
“Forkhead transcription factors have a ‘winged helix’ domain and regulate processes that range from cell longevity to cell death. Of the mammalian forkhead family members in the O class, FoxO1, FoxO3a and FoxO4 can fill a crucial void for the treatment of disorders that include aging,

cancer, diabetes, infertility, neurodegeneration eFT-508 cell line and immune system dysfunction. Yet, observations that forkhead family members also can compromise clinical utility have fueled controversy and highlight the necessity to further outline the integrated cellular pathways governed by these transcription factors. Here we discuss recent advances that have elucidated the unique cellular pathways and clinical potential of targeting FoxO proteins to develop novel therapeutic strategies and avert potential pitfalls that might be closely intertwined with its benefits for patient care.”
“This review addresses the effects of fatiguing general muscular Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor exercise (involving the whole body) and fatiguing local muscular exercise (involving a particular muscular group) on postural control. Short and intensive general exercise increases postural sway when the energy expenditure induced exceeds the lactate accumulation threshold. Exhaustive local exercise affects postural control when it generates a strength loss at least 25-30% of maximal voluntary contraction. Non-intensive general and local exercises can also disturb postural control when the exercise is prolonged. Both general and local exercises contribute to altering the effectiveness of sensory inputs and motor output of postural control.

All patients underwent voiding cystourethrography 3 to 4 months p

All patients underwent voiding cystourethrography 3 to 4 months postoperatively. Reflux resolution rate https://www.selleckchem.com/products/AC-220.html for ureters was significantly higher in the advancement group (100%) than in the nonadvancement group (85%, p +/- 0.05). No patient in the advancement group had postoperative urinary tract infection. Fixation of the ureter with the bladder muscularis at the proximal limit of the detrusor defect and/or a percutaneous hitch stitch placed in the ventral side of the proximal limit of the detrusor defect facilitated ureteral

advancement.

Conclusions: Ureteral advancement is a simple and feasible procedure in laparoscopic ureteral extravesical reimplantation and may improve the resolution rate of vesicoureteral reflux.”
“Background. Cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well established and are known to be present during the first episode of a psychotic disorder. In addition, consistent heterogeneity within these impairments remains unexplained. selleck chemical One potential source of variability may be the level of pre-morbid adjustment

prior to the onset of first-episode psychosis (FED).

Method. Ninety-four FED patients and 32 healthy controls were assessed at baseline on several neuropsychological tests comprising six cognitive domains (verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, processing speed, reasoning/problem-solving and attention) and an abbreviated version of the full IQ. A global neurocognitive domain was also computed. Pre-morbid adjustment patterns Rabusertib molecular weight were divided into three distinct groups: stable-poor, stable-good and deteriorating course.

Results. Based on a cut-off of 0.8 for effect size, the stable-poor pre-morbid adjustment group was significantly more impaired on most cognitive domains and full IQ compared to the deteriorating group, who were more severely impaired on all measures compared to the stable-good group. The type of cognitive deficit within each subgroup did not differ and the results indicate that a global neurocognition measure may reliably reflect the severity

of cognitive impairment within each subgroup.

Conclusions. Pre-morbid adjustment patterns prior to onset of psychosis are associated with severity but not type of cognitive impairment. Patients in the stable-poor group are generally more impaired compared to the deteriorating group, who are, in turn, more impaired than the stable-good group.”
“Purpose: We evaluated voiding habits and lower urinary tract symptoms by age and gender in a large population of individuals from childhood to adulthood.

Materials and Methods: We studied a cross-sectional sample of 594 individuals 4 to 26 years old randomly selected from the population register of Finland. Participants anonymously answered a detailed postal questionnaire on lower urinary tract symptoms.

Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed nucleolar localizatio

Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed nucleolar localization of PICT-1, whereas KS-Bcl-2 was located mostly at the mitochondrial membranes with a small fraction in the nucleoli. Ectopic expression of PICT-1 resulted in a large increase in the nucleolar fraction of KS-Bcl-2, and only a minor fraction remained in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, knockdown of endogenous PICT-1 abolished the nucleolar localization of KS-Bcl-2. However, ectopically expressed PICT-1 selleck kinase inhibitor did not alter the cellular distribution of human Bcl-2. Subsequent analysis mapped the crucial amino

acid sequences of both KS-Bcl-2 and PICT-1 required for their interaction and for KS-Bcl-2 targeting to the nucleolus. Functional studies suggest a correlation between nucleolar targeting of KS-Bcl-2 by PICT-1 and reduction of the antiapoptotic activity

of KS-Bcl-2. Thus, these studies demonstrate a cellular mechanism to sequester KS-Bcl-2 from the mitochondria and to downregulate its virally encoded antiapoptotic activity. Additional characterization of the interaction of KS-Bcl-2 and PICT-1 is likely to shed light on the functions of both proteins.”
“THE NEUROSURGICAL APPRENTICESHIP is arduous, and the rigor of the discipline combined with the demands of any see more type of neurosurgical practice is, if not exhausting, at least wearying. By the age of 60 or so, operating all-day and taking call all night is no longer as compelling as it was earlier. However, preparing to retire, we might discover that having become a board-certified neurosurgeon has excluded many other options. Accustomed to working, complete retirement is not appealing to some. Maybe

there is more to learn, more delight to be found, more care to be rendered.”
“Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) contributes to pathogenic processes in immunosuppressed individuals, in fetuses, and in neonates. AZD5582 manufacturer In the present report, by using reporter gene activation assays and confocal microscopy in the presence of a specific antagonist, we show for the first time that HCMV infection induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) transcriptional activity in infected cells. We demonstrate that the PPAR gamma antagonist dramatically impairs virus production and that the major immediate-early promoter contains PPAR response elements able to bind PPAR gamma, as assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Due to the key role of PPAR gamma in placentation and its specific trophoblast expression within the human placenta, we then provided evidence that by activating PPAR gamma human cytomegalovirus dramatically impaired early human trophoblast migration and invasiveness, as assessed by using well-established in vitro models of invasive trophoblast, i.e.

The majority of sera collected from mice immunized with mgG-2 plu

The majority of sera collected from mice immunized with mgG-2 plus CpG showed macrophage-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent complement-mediated cytolysis, while no neutralization activity was observed. In conclusion, we have shown that immunization with the type-specific mgG-2 protein in combination with CpG could elicit protective immunity against an otherwise lethal vaginal HSV-2 challenge. The mgG-2 protein may therefore constitute a promising HSV-2 vaccine antigen to be considered for future human

trials.”
“BACKGROUND: To manage arachnoid cysts, incorporation with the normal circulation is the single most NU7026 mw important determinant of success. Although the postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage rate is 3.9% for all cases of transsphenoidal surgery, it is 21.4% for intrasellar arachnoid cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To present a safe, relatively easy, and effective treatment option for very rare intrasellar arachnoid cysts.

METHODS: We performed a prospective study of intrasellar cystic lesions without a solid portion. Endoscopic exploration and fenestration were performed for all lesions under neuronavigational guidance. We analyzed presenting symptoms, endocrinological status, and magnetic resonance images.

RESULTS: There were 2 male and 4 female patients with a mean age of 45 years

(range, 27-67 years). All patients presented with the visual disturbance of bitemporal hemianopsia. Four patients LEE011 concentration had endocrinological symptoms including galactorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and diabetes insipidus. Endoscopic fenestration of the cyst was successfully performed

in all patients. All patients were confirmed to have a pure cystic lesion, namely an arachnoid cyst. The follow-up period was 10 months on average (range, 6-12 months). Visual disturbance improved in 5 patients. Endocrinological problems persisted in all patients for 3 months VX-809 and then normalized, with the exception of the patient with diabetes insipidus. There was no evidence of recurrence in any of the 6 patients in the 12-month postoperative imaging studies (median follow-up of 10 months). Two patients showed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone at 2 and 4 weeks after the operation, but antidiuretic hormones recovered to normal levels after this time point.

CONCLUSION: Endoscopic fenestration of an intrasellar arachnoid cyst is a safe and simple procedure without serious complications.”
“An in-frame, 114-nucleotide-long deletion that affects the NS-coding sequence was created in the infectious molecular clone of the standard parvovirus H-1PV, thereby generating Del H-1PV. The plasmid was transfected and further propagated in permissive human cell lines in order to analyze the effects of the deletion on virus fitness.

The results found here highlight the need to consider asexual rep

The results found here highlight the need to consider asexual reproduction along with mixed mating in models of genetic load and mutation-selection balance. (C) 2012

Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND

The onset of puberty is first detected as an increase in pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis results in central precocious puberty. The timing of pubertal development is driven in part by genetic factors, but selleck products only a few, rare molecular defects associated with central precocious puberty have been identified.

METHODS

We performed whole-exome sequencing in 40 members of 15 families with central precocious puberty. Candidate variants were confirmed with Sanger sequencing. We also performed quantitative real-time polymerase-chain-reaction assays to determine levels of messenger RNA (mRNA) in buy PRN1371 the hypothalami of mice at different ages.

RESULTS

We identified four novel heterozygous mutations in MKRN3, the gene encoding makorin RING-finger protein 3, in 5 of the 15 families; both sexes

were affected. The mutations included three frameshift mutations, predicted to encode truncated proteins, and one missense mutation, predicted to disrupt protein function. MKRN3 is a paternally expressed, imprinted gene located in the Prader-Willi syndrome critical region (chromosome 15q11-q13). All affected persons inherited the mutations from their fathers, a finding that indicates perfect segregation selleck screening library with the mode of inheritance expected

for an imprinted gene. Levels of Mkrn3 mRNA were high in the arcuate nucleus of prepubertal mice, decreased immediately before puberty, and remained low after puberty.

CONCLUSIONS

Deficiency of MKRN3 causes central precocious puberty in humans.”
“An organism can be defined as omnivorous if it feeds on more than one trophic level. Omnivory is present in many ecosystems and multiple omnivorous species can coexist in the same ecosystem. How coexisting omnivores are able to avoid competitive exclusion is very much an open question. In this paper we analyze a model of a community consisting of two omnivorous predators and a basal resource. The population of both predators is explicitly structured into juveniles and adults, of which juveniles only feed on basal resource and adults feed on a varied proportion of basal resource and juveniles of the other population. We thereby separate the omnivorous roles (competitor for basal resource and predator of competitors) over life history. We show in this study that persistence of multiple omnivorous predators is possible when predators differ in adult diets. In this case, coexistence occurs because community dynamics force one of the model species to act as a predator and the other to act as a consumer.

It presented identical to the respective, fully analytically char

It presented identical to the respective, fully analytically characterized Re-185/187 complex retention time in RP-HPLC. In contrary to other RGD derivatives, Hormones inhibitor we showed that the new radiopeptide exhibits kidney uptake and urine excretion due to the ornithine linker. High tumor uptake (3.87 +/- 0.48% ID/g at 60 min p.i.) was observed and was maintained relatively high even at 24 h p.i. (1.83 +/- 0.05 % ID/g), thus providing well-defined scintigraphic imaging. Accumulation in other organs was negligible. Blocking experiments indicated target specificity for integrin receptors in

U87MG glioblastoma cells.

Conclusion: Due to its relatively high tumor uptake, renal elimination and negligible abdominal localization, the new Tc-99m-RGD peptide is considered promising in the field of imaging alpha(v)beta(3)-positive tumors. However, the preparation of multifunctional SPECT/MRI contrast agents (RGD-conjugated nanoparticles) for dual selleck products modality imaging of integrin expressing tumors should be further investigated. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Hepatocellular

carcinoma (HCC) is one of the deadliest cancers with few treatment options. It is a hypervascular tumor in which angiogenesis plays a critical role in its progression. Tumor capillary endothelial cells (TECs) in HCC are known to originate from liver sinusoid endothelial cells, which then go through a capillarization process to become morphologically as well as functionally different TECs. In this work, we investigated proteins differentially expressed between freshly isolated TECs and sinusoid endothelial

cells from well-formed rat HCC using 2-D DIGE coupled with MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Thirty-eight unique proteins were identified to be differentially expressed more than twofold between the two endothelial cell types. Amongst the differentially expressed proteins, two novel endothelial markers, EH domain-containing protein 3 and galectin-3, were confirmed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry in both rat and human HCC samples. We showed that EH domain-containing protein 3 is significantly only down-regulated in TECs, but galectin-3 is up-regulated. We propose possible roles of these two proteins in tumor vessel development in HCC.”
“Introduction: Hypoxia imaging is an important field in radiopharmaceutical research since hypoxic cells are very resistant to radiation treatment and diffusional limitations restrict the efficacy of chemotherapy. Gallium-68 is a widely used radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) due to the availability of the Ge-68/Ga-68-generator. With the aim to develop new potential [Ga-68]-radiopharmaceuticals for imaging hypoxia, we have synthesized and evaluated two novel Ga-68-labelled 5-nitroimidazole derivatives.

The results showed that impulsivity was not associated with highe

The results showed that impulsivity was not associated with higher rates of drug-seeking/taking, but individual differences in smoking uptake and craving were. Rather, nonplanning impulsivity moderated (decreased) the relationship between craving and drug-taking, but not drug-seeking.

These data suggest that whereas the uptake of drug use is mediated by hypervaluation of the drug as an instrumental goal, the orthogonal trait nonplanning impulsivity confers a propensity for automatic control over well-practiced drug-taking behaviour.”
“Background: Only

local ablation (radiofrequency ablation, cryotherapy) or esophagectomy currently is available to treat high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Alternative treatments, specifically chemopreventive strategies, are lacking. Our understanding of the molecular changes of high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus offers an opportunity to inhibit neoplastic progression of high-grade dysplasia in Dinaciclib supplier Barrett’s esophagus. Increased activity of the Src kinase and deregulation of the tumor suppressor p27 are features of malignant cells and high-grade dysplasia in Barrett’s esophagus. Src phosphorylates p27, inhibiting its regulatory function and increasing cell growth and proliferation. We hypothesized that a small molecule inhibitor of Src

might reduce the growth and reverse Src-mediated deregulation of p27 in Barrett’s esophagus Staurosporine cells.

Methods: Immortalized Barrett’s esophagus cell lines 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase established from patient biopsies were treated with the Src kinase inhibitor dasatinib and evaluated for p27 localization and protein levels, as well as for effects on the cell cycle and apoptosis using flow cytometry, viability assays, and protein and RNA markers.

Results: Dasatinib reduced both Src activation and p27 phosphorylation and increased p27 protein levels and nuclear localization. These effects correlated with decreased proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, and activation of apoptosis. Analysis of biopsies of patients with Barrett’s esophagus revealed the presence of phosphorylated p27 in high-grade dysplasia, consistent with

in vitro findings.

Conclusions: Dasatinib has considerable antineoplastic effects on Barrett’s esophagus cell lines carrying genetic markers associated with dysplasia, which correlates with the reversal of p27 deregulation. These findings suggest that dasatinib has potential as a treatment for patients with high-grade dysplasia and Barrett’s esophagus and that p27 holds promise as a biomarker in the clinical use of dasatinib in patients with high-grade dysplasia and Barrett’s esophagus. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013;145:531-8)”
“The serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptor is implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders, making it an important, clinically relevant target. Despite the availability of transgenic mouse lines, the native mouse 5-HT2A receptor is not well-characterized.